18: The Buddha and his Immediate Family – 636
When King Suddhodana
left the monastery after hearing a discourse, the
Buddha, in consideration of King Suddhodana’s request, made a proclamation of
a training rule at the assembly of the Saṅgha:
Na, bhikkhave, ananuññāto mātā-
pitūhi putto pabbājetabbo. Yo pabbājeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa,
“monastics, a
child who has not the consent of both his parents should not be given the going
forth nor higher ordination. For whoever should let such a person receive the
going forth or higher ordination, there is an offence of wrong-doing.”
King Suddhodana
Becomes a Non-Returner
On a certain day after this incident, when the Buddha went to the royal palace
for meals in the company of 20,000 Arahats, King Suddhodana
served him and
his Arahats with gruel and sweet-meats before the main meal. During the
interim period, the king enthusiastically recounted his experience with the
Devas thus: “Most glorious son, when you were engaged arduously in austerity
practices, certain Devas appeared in the sky and told me: ‘Your son, Prince
Siddhattha, has died for not having sufficient food.’ ” Whereupon, the Buddha
asked the king: “Royal father, did you believe the words of the Devas then?”
The king replied: “No, I did not. I rejected the words of the Devas in the sky by
saying: “It is impossible for my son to enter Nibbāna until and unless he attains
omniscience on that pleasant plain under the Mahā Bodhi tree.”
Then the Buddha said: “My royal father not only in this life, but also in a
previous existence, when you were the chieftain of Mahā Dhammapāla village,
you have rejected the words of a far-famed teacher, Disāpāmokkha, who told
you: “Your son, the young Dhammapāla is dead. These are the bones of your
son,” exhibiting the bones of a goat as evidence. You had then refuted him by
saying: “In our Dhammapāla clan, there is none who dies while still young.” You
did not believe him at all. Now at the last lap of your transient existence, why
should you believe the words of the Devas? You certainly would not.” Then at
the request of his royal father, the Buddha delivered extensively the discourse
telling the story, the Long Birth Story about Dhammapāla (
Mahā-dhammapāla-
jātaka
, Ja 447).
After delivering the Birth Story, the Buddha continued to expound the main
Dhamma points of the four noble truths (
catu-sacca-dhamma-kathā
). At the
conclusion of this exposition, King Suddhodana
was firmly established as a Non-
returner (
Anāgāmi
).