18: The Buddha and his Immediate Family – 623
invitation. At the palace, he ordered arrangements for the preparation of rice-
gruel, and so on, and temporary accommodation for the 20,000 Arahats headed
by the Buddha.
The Buddha Goes on Alms-Round
When the Buddha entered the royal city the next day for alms round, in the
company of 20,000 Arahats, not a single member of the royal family came
forward to greet and welcome him. There was no one to take his alms bowl and
carry it for him.
The moment the Buddha had set foot on the gateway of Kapilavatthu, he began
to reflect on the way in which previous Buddhas went round for alms food in the
capital city of their royal fathers: “Was it characterised by receiving alms
exclusively from the selected homes of the rich, the elite, or by going round for
alms from door to door, rich or poor alike?” He understood it by way of psychic
power which gave the knowledge of past existences (
pubbe-nivasa-abhiñña
).
Thus he came to realize that not a single Buddha in the past had received their
alms food only from the selected homes of rich; none of them had deviated from
the practice of going for alms food from door to door.
So he decided to adopt the time-honoured traditional practice of collecting alms
food from door to door. He thought: “Only by setting such an example myself
would my disciples emulate my practice and fulfil the duty of a monastic to go
for alms round to each and every house without any
[473]
breach.” Having made
this decision, he started to go on the alms round beginning with the first house
nearest the city gate, stopping at every house one after another.
The following is a brief description of the magnificent scene of the
Buddha’s visit to the royal city as mentioned in the Collection of the
Middle Length Discourses (
Majjhima-nikāya
) commentary (PTS 3.20 ff):
When the Buddha entered the royal city, the earth quaked with mild intensity.
He walked gently, not treading upon even the tiniest insects such as ants and the
like. He stepped forth first with the right foot which possessed the major mark
of the level soles of feet like golden footwear (
suppatiṭṭhita-lakkhaṇa
); the
delicate soles of his feet, being level and smooth, touched the ground evenly,
fully and squarely without collecting the tiniest particles of dirt or dust. As he
walked along, the low-lying areas of the earth raised themselves spontaneously
to an even level and the mounds lowered to the level of the plain, forming an