16: The Arrival of Upatissa and Kolita – 573
every year and Buddha Kassapa every six months, as his exhortation lasted for
six months. This is as mentioned in the Introduction to the Story of Ānanda’s
Questions (
Ānandatthera-pañhā-vatthu
) of the Dhamma Verses (
Dhammapada
)
commentary (DhpA IV.9).
We will describe here also what is mentioned in the Introduction to the Section
on Verañjā, in the first volume of the Vinaya commentary regarding these
Advisory Rules (
Ovāda-Pātimokkha
):
184
All the Buddhas of the past taught the
Advisory Rules only, but they
[438]
were not taught every half month. To
explain further, Buddha Vipassī taught the Advisory Rules once every six years
and he recited it himself. The male monastic disciples did not recite the
Monastic Rules (
Pāṭimokkha
) within the precincts of their own monastery. All
the monastics within the entire region of Jambudīpa gathered together to hold
the Observance Day (
Uposatha
) service only in the precinct of the monastery
where Buddha Vipassī resided. The monastery was situated in Khemā’s garden, a
sanctuary for animals near the capital Bandhumatī.
During the days of Buddha Vipassī, there used to be 84,000 monasteries, and
within each monastery there dwelt 10,000 to 20,000 monastics who were keeping
themselves pure by staying away from individuals with whom they have nothing
in common (
visabhāga-puggala
). They also observe more austere practices.
Devas, who had taken up the duty of announcing the Observance (
Uposatha
)
days, went round the monasteries where monastics resided once every year to
address them: “Your reverences, who have a peaceful life, a year is past, two
years, three years, four years, five years have past. This is the sixth year and the
coming full moon day is the day when you should all approach the Buddha to
pay homage and to hold the Observance (
Uposatha
) day. It is now time for you
all to assemble in the presence of the Buddha.”
Monastics, who were possessed of supernormal powers, found their own way to
the monastery in the Khemā Sanctuary where the Buddha Vipassī was residing.
Monastics who possessed no supernatural power went to that monastery with the
assistance of the Devas in this manner: The powerless monastics were then
living in monasteries situated near the shores of the east, west, north and south
oceans. Before they proceeded to the assembly, they performed the bounden
duties of setting beds and dwelling places in order, then taking their bowls and
184
[PTS 1.186 ff].