16: The Arrival of Upatissa and Kolita – 572
Koṇḍañña and 180 million Brahmas became established in Stream-entry
(
Sotāpatti-phala
).
This is the first occasion (
Dhammābhisamaya
), at which the four noble
truths were made known to humans, Devas and Brahmas.
2. Then on the great auspicious (
mahā-maṅgala
) day, the Buddha taught
the Discourse on the Blessings (
Maṅgala-sutta
, Khp 5, Snp 2.4) amidst
the assembly of Devas and humans from the 10,000 world-element;
innumerable Devas and humans discerned the four noble truths and
attained emancipation.
This is the second occasion (
Dhammābhisamaya
) at which the four noble
truths were made known to humans, Devas and Brahmas.
3. Again, when the Realised One taught the Short Discourse giving Advice
to Rāhula (
Cūḷa-Rāhulovada-sutta
, MN 147) to Ven. Rāhula, thousands
of Devas together with Ven. Rāhula, came to understand the four noble
truths and attained emancipation.
This is the third occasion (
Dhammābhisamaya
) at which the four noble
truths were made known to humans, Devas and Brahmas.
The Two Forms of the Rules
The brief exhortation and code of discipline laid down by the Buddhas is the
Monastic Rules (
Pātimokkha
), those who observe and follow them stay away
from the danger of falling into states of woe. The Rules are in two forms: 1) The
Advisory Rules (
Ovāda-Pātimokkha
) and 2) the Monastic Rules (
Āṇā-
Pātimokkha
).
Of those two forms, the Advisory Rules (
Ovāda-Pātimokkha
) is taught by fully
Self-Awakened Buddhas exclusively. The Advisory Rules consists of three
verses beginning with:
Khantī paramaṁ tapo titikkhā
, “forbearing patience is
the most excellent moral practice.”
Every Buddha gave this exhortation only with these three verses; there has been
no deviation among them. However, as regards the occasions and time intervals
when they were delivered, there had been differences as is explained below:
Buddha Vipassī taught the Advisory Rules (
Ovāda-Pātimokkha
) once every
seven years; the exhortation held good for seven years. Buddhas Sikhī and
Vessabhū taught it every six years, Buddhas Kakusandha and Koṇāgamana,