12: Yasa, his Family and Friends – 500
4. After teaching the bliss of the divine abodes, the Buddha immediately taught
the Dhamma concerning the noble path (
ariya-magga
), in order to show that
even divine bliss is perpetually oppressed by the defilements (
kilesa
) such as lust
(
rāga
), and to show that since the noble path (
ariya-magga
) is entirely free from
the defilments (
kilesa
), it cannot be oppressed by it. So, for teaching the noble
path, the Buddha taught initially the Dhamma, describing the defects of sensual
pleasures (
kāmānaṁ ādīnava-kathā
) together with the Dhamma describing the
advantages of renunciation (
nekkhamme ānisaṁsa-kathā
), beginning with
monkhood that leads to freedom from sensuality (
kāma-guṇa
) and ending with
Nibbāna, as both the defects of sensual pleasures and
[393]
the advantages of
renunciation form the means of realisation of the paths (
magga
).
The Buddha, after having enchanted the rich merchant’s son, Yasa, with the
Dhamma relating to divine bliss, taught him like a man who decorates a large
elephant to make it most beautiful and then cuts off its trunk abruptly as follows:
“This so-called bliss of the abode of Devas also has the nature of impermanence
(
anicca
). It has the nature of instability (
addhuva
). One should not have desire
and attachment for such bliss. The material objects of sensual pleasure are, in
fact, more of misery than of pleasure. These material objects of sensual pleasure
are made up of pleasure, which is the size of a small seed, but they are full of
defects which is similar to the size of Mount Meru.”
As already reflected upon and realized by him at the time of his renunciation of
the world, the Buddha elaborated thus on the defects of sensual pleasure, on the
vulgar state of things adhered to by ignoble persons but avoided by noble ones,
and on the way beings were oppressed and made miserable by sensual pleasure.
And then, inasmuch as there was an abundance of defects in sensual pleasure,
the Buddha also elaborated on the merit of the absence of defects and the
paucity of suffering in renunciation (
nekkhamma
) beginning with monkhood
and ending in Nibbāna.
Yasa Becomes a Stream-Enterer
Having taught the Dhamma on generosity
and other virtues, the Buddha knew
that Yasa’s mind had become firm, adaptable, soft, free from hindrances, elated,
gladdened, and pellucid, so he taught the Dhamma distinctive to him
(
sāmukkaṁsikā Dhamma
) of the four truths: the truth of suffering (
dukkha-
sacca
), the truth of the origin of suffering (
samudaya-sacca
), the truth of the