12: Yasa, his Family and Friends – 498
and hereafter, it is also like a king of aerial horses (
valāhaka-sindhava
) since it
can transport one from the evil ground of the four misfortunes (
vipatti
) to the
danger-free good ground of four good fortunes (
sampatti
).
“This generosity
is also the good and true path which I have walked on. It is also
the one, with which I have been related to. I have performed great deeds of
generosity, such as those of Velāma, Mahā Govinda, Mahā Sudassana and
Vessantara, when I was practising and fulfilling the perfections (
pāramī
). In my
existence as the virtuous hare I had completely won the hearts of the recipients
by giving away in generosity my own body in the blazing heap of fire.”
Here, Sakka, the Lord of the Devas, in the guise of a begging Brahmin, had
his mind fixed continually on the courage shown by the wise hare, the
Bodhisatta, in his performance of a generous act without any distraction.
Hence the Buddha’s words: “I had completely won the hearts of the
recipients,” is a rhetorical way of saying indirectly (
vaṅka-vutti
) that
politely implies Sakka’s contemplation of the Bodhisatta’s boldness in
generosity. Here, by means of the words: “By giving away in generosity
my own body,” the Buddha gave the advice thus: “The Bodhisattas,
knowing too well about the merit of generosity, even gave away their lives
in generosity. In view of this, should the wise have attachment to an
external object (
bāhira-vatthu
)? Certainly they
[392]
should not.”
“Furthermore, the merit of generosity (
dāna
) is capable of bringing the luxury
of a Sakka, Māra, Brahma and of a Universal Monarch (
Cakka-vatti
) in the
mundane world. It is also capable of bringing the Awakened knowledge (
Bodhi-
ñāṇa
) of a disciple (
sāvaka
), a Paccekabuddha and the Supreme Buddha in a
supermundane world.”
In this manner, the Buddha taught the rich merchant’s son, Yasa, the Dhamma
concerning generosity (
dāna
).
Since only those who are generous can observe morality, the Buddha
taught morality (
sīla-kathā
) immediately after talk about generosity
(
dāna-kathā
). Generosity
is the giving away of one’s own property for the
welfare of the recipients or in order to honour them. This being so, he who
practises generosity
is a noble individual who really desires the welfare of
beings and there can be no reason at all for him to kill another or to steal
another’s property. And so, since only he who practises generosity can, in
fact, observe morality, the Buddha’s teaching of morality immediately
follows the talk about generosity.