11: The Discourse about Nālaka – 484
means of the words: “Should remain sitting at the foot of a tree or in his
own place,” the practice of living at the root of a tree, and being one who
never lies down is indicated. Since these ten ascetic practices are taught in
regular order, the three other ascetic practices, namely the ascetic practice
of living in an open space, sleeping in any bed, and living in a charnel
ground, are also indicated. This being so, the Buddha taught Ven. Nālaka
the thirteen ascetic practices (
dhutaṅga
)
162
by means of this verse.
Sa jhāna-pasuto dhīro, vanante ramito siyā,
jhāyetha rukkha-mūlasmiṁ, attānam-abhitosayaṁ.
My dear son Nālaka, the monastic who is engaged in the thirteen ascetic
practices and practises the noble the path to moral perfection strives hard
to realise the mundane absorption (
jhāna
) which is not yet realised and to
exercise control, with the fivefold mastery (
vasi-bhāva
), over the
mundane absorption that he has already acquired. Attaining thereby
absorption concentration (
appanā-samādhi
), he should take delight in the
quietude of the forest, away from human noise. It will not do to merely
cultivate the mundane absorptions only. He should dwell at the foot of a
tree in the forest also, delighting himself with absorption in the
supermundane absorptions associated with Stream-entry, etc.
By means of this verse, the Buddha taught the joy of living in the forest,
dwelling and strenuously cultivating mundane and supermundane
absorption (
jhāna
) as well as the Arahat fruition (
Arahatta-phala
).
Ven. Nālaka, on hearing this discourse became exceedingly enthusiastic to enter
the forest and practise the path (
paṭipadā
) even without taking food. It is not,
however, possible to devote oneself to the practice of the Dhamma without
taking food, for he who practises the Dhamma without taking food cannot live
long. Rather, one should search for food without causing defilements to develop.
Thus, searching for food without developing
[383]
the defilements is a proper
act in the Dispensation (
Sāsana
). So, being desirous of teaching Ven. Nālaka the
practice of going round for alms food and with a view to assure him: “In the
days to follow, you can enter towns and villages and go round for alms; but you
162
For more about the thirteen ascetic practices (
dhutaṅga
), see the Further
Explanations.