11: The Discourse about Nālaka – 482
In these verses, the Buddha taught the moral practice of restraint (
indriya-
saṁvara-sīla
) by means of the phrase:
Hitvā kāme paropare
… “discarding
all kinds of sensual objects, good or bad.” The Buddha taught the restraint
according to the Monastic Rules (
Pātimokkha-saṁvara-sīla
) laid down for
monks, by means of the remaining words beginning with abstinence from
sexual intercourse and abstinence from taking life.
Hitvā icchañ-ca lobhañ-ca, yattha satto puthujjano,
cakkhumā paṭipajjeyya, tareyya Narakaṁ imaṁ.
My dear son Nālaka, the worldly remain attached to the four requisites of
robes, alms food, lodgings and medicines which are the objects of sensual
pleasure for ascetics. You, dear son, should abandon the desire (
icchā
) for
the four requisites of robes, alms food, lodgings and medicines which are
the objects of sensual pleasure for ascetics before they are obtained. If
they are already acquired, you should do away with greed (
lobha
) which
hinders the wish to give them away in generosity. Being one possessing
the eye of wisdom, you should endeavour to cultivate the noble practice of
moral perfection (
moneyya-paṭipadā
), which has already been taught, is
being taught and is to be taught. If you thus endeavour to practise, you can
overcome the craving for the four requisites which leads to wrong
livelihood (
micchā-ājīva
) which is named after the Naraka abyss because
of the difficulty in filling it in.
With this verse, the Buddha taught the moral practice of living a life of
purity (
ājīva-pārisuddhi-sīlā
) with special reference to the removal of
attachments and craving for the four requisites.
Ūnūdaro mitāhāro, appicchassa alolupo,
sadā icchāya nicchāto, aniccho hoti nibbuto.
My dear son Nālaka, an ascetic desirous of cultivating the path to moral
perfection should have a lean stomach by eating four or five morsels less
of the alms food received (
dhamma-laddha
). It is not enough merely
eating four or five morsels less, but you should also be one who eats the
food only after due reflection on the advantages and disadvantages of the
food eaten (
paccavekkhaṇa
).
Still it is not enough, you should also be one who is endowed with the four
kinds of contentment, which is desiring little or nothing (
appiccha
): 1)
Having little or no greed concerning the four requisites (
paccaya-