9: The Buddha Reflects on the Dhamma – 449
not-self.” When a sore afflicts one, or one is pricked by a thorn, one would
remark: “Ah, it’s suffering,” but not: “Ah, it is not-self.” Non-self (
anatta
) is not
uttered in these cases because the nature of not-self is somewhat remote to one’s
thinking. Therefore, the Buddha teaches not-self through impermanence or
through suffering, or through a combination of impermanence and suffering.
This latter method is employed in the latter part, the triple-round discourse, of
the present discourse.
Next, the Buddha explains: “Therefore, monastics, whatever corporeality there
is, whether in the past, future or present, whether internal or external, whether
gross or subtle, lowly or lofty, far or near, all corporeality should be regarded as
it really is, by right insight and wisdom of path-knowledge: “This is not mine,”
“This is not I,” “This is not myself.” Thus the Buddha points out the falsity of the
ego when one gains insight into the five aggregates and when one decides for
oneself on gaining path-knowledge.
In meditating for insight, if one concentrates on the impermanence of
phenomena, one can dispel the illusion of conceit. If one concentrates on
suffering, one can give up craving. If one concentrates on unsubstantiality,
one can dispel the illusion of wrong view.
In the present case, considering the five aggregates as: “This is not mine,”
leads to the destruction of craving, and is the same as concentrating on
suffering in insight meditation. Considering the five aggregates as: “This is
not I,” leads to the destruction of conceit and is the same as concentrating
on impermanence. Considering the five aggregates as: “This is not myself,”
leads to the destruction of wrong view, and is the same as concentrating on
unsubstantiality (
anatta
).
At the conclusion of the discourse, the Buddha sums up the result that is
achieved by a person of right view, culminating in the Arahat fruition. “On
gaining this right view, the well informed becomes a noble disciple (
ariya
).” In a
logical sequence of events following the correct perception as detailed above, he
attains sufficient insight into the five aggregates to attain path-knowledge and
its fruition, and the reviewing-knowledge (
paccavekkhaṇa-ñāṇa
).
[1171]
The
discourse then ends with a short description about the attainment of Awakening
by the five monastics in the course of the exposition.
From this discourse, it is clear that the Group-of-Five ascetics gained
Awakening through meditating on the impermanence, suffering and
unsubstantiality of the five aggregates. Therefore, all followers of the Buddha