9: The Buddha Reflects on the Dhamma – 446
The theme of the Discourse about the Turning of the Dhamma Wheel is this:
The Buddha exhorted the Group-of-Five ascetics to avoid the two extremes of
self-indulgence and self-mortification and pointed out to them the middle way,
which consists of eight factors, as the proper course of practice. Then he briefly
expounded the four truths. Next, he declared the essential features of
Buddhahood which requires three stages of knowledge regarding each of the
four truths and proclaimed that he was the Buddha because he has fulfilled those
requirements.
As the discourse continues, Koṇḍañña “entered the stream of knowledge” and
became the first Stream-enterer (
Sotāpanna
), a disciple established in the first
path. Thus, the Wheel of the Dhamma was set rolling and the noble truth
became established in the world. The great event was cheered by the terrestrial
Devas whose loud applause spread among celestial Devas and Brahmas. The
great earth quaked in joyous approval. A wondrous light emanating from the
Buddha, caused by his mind and arising from temperature arose, infinitely
superior to the personal effulgence of the greatest of the Devas or Brahmas
thanks to his all-knowing wisdom.
At the end of the discourse, the delightful satisfaction that had begun to arise at
the start of the discourse could not be contained by the Buddha who made the
joyous utterance (
udāna
): “Koṇḍañña has seen the truth. Indeed Koṇḍañña has
seen the truth.” This joyous utterance also spread to the 10,000 world-element.
Then Koṇḍañña requested the Buddha to make him a monastic. The Buddha
summoned him: “Come monastic,” and at that very instant, Ven. Koṇḍañña
became a monastic who had the distinction of being ordained by the Buddha
himself.
[1169]
What is it that is termed the “Dhamma Wheel?” The Dhamma Wheel is a term
referring to two kinds of the knowledge of the Buddha: the penetrative
knowledge (
paṭivedha-ñāṇa
), of the four path-knowledges (
magga-ñāṇa
), and
the exposition-knowledge (
desanā-ñāṇa
).
The four path-knowledges, consisting of the twelve aspects of the four truths,
that arose in the Bodhisatta who was about to attain Perfect Awakening is the
Dhamma Wheel; and the power of exposition on the self-same twelve aspects of
the four truths, which was made clear to the Group-of-Five is also the Dhamma
Wheel. They are called the Wheel of Dhamma or Righteousness, because these