9: The Buddha Reflects on the Dhamma – 445
The Buddha took up residence in the Deer Park for the rainy season; and, on the
following day, the 1
st
waning moon of the month of July (
Āsāḷha
) he remained
in the monastery without going round for alms and spent time giving instruction
to Ven. Vappa. The remaining four monastics went on alms round. Ven. Vappa
became a Stream-enterer in the morning of that very day. Similarly, the Buddha
remained only in the monastery without going round for alms and spent the time
giving instruction to Ven. Bhaddiya on the following day, to Ven. Mahānāmā on
the day following that, and to Ven. Assaji on the day following that. These
monks also attained Stream-entry fruition, on the day concerned and all became
summoned monastics in the presence of the Buddha.
[361]
[The following two sections are moved here from the chapter on the
Dhamma Jewel to complete the story.]
The Turning of the Dhamma Wheel
Before the advent of the Buddha, there appeared in India some leaders of
religious sects who called themselves ascetics (
samaṇa
). Some of them practised
and taught a sensuous way of life as the conduct of ascetics while others
practised and taught a self-tormenting mode of life as the conduct of ascetics.
During the time when the world was thus shrouded with the darkness of the two
extreme doctrines of self-indulgence and self-torment, each claiming to be the
true good practice. On the full moon of May (
Vesākha
) at dusk in the year 528
BCE
, the Buddha delivered the Discourse about the Turning of the Dhamma
Wheel (
Dhamma-cakkappavattana-sutta
, SN 56.11).
The Buddha began the discourse with the words: “Monastics these two extremes
should not be followed by one who has renounced the world.” And as soon as
these words were uttered by the Buddha, due to the Buddha’s powers, they
echoed throughout the 10,000 world-element which constitute the birth sphere
of the Buddha, and filled the entire world, from the Avīci
realm at the bottom
and the Bhavagga Brahma realm at the top. By that time Brahmas numbering
180 million who had a matured root of merit as sufficing condition to perceive
the four truths had already assembled at the Deer Park, Isipatana, where the
discourse was to be delivered. When this first discourse was delivered by the
Buddha, the sun was setting in the west and the moon was appearing on the
eastern horizon.