9: The Buddha Reflects on the Dhamma – 437
supremely Self-Awakened One. I am also one who has extinguished the
fire of the defilements.
Dhamma-cakkaṁ pavattetuṁ, gacchāmi Kāsinaṁ puraṁ,
andhī-bhūtasmiṁ lokasmiṁ, āhañchaṁ amata-dundubhiṁ.
Upaka, I will go to the Isipatana Deer Park, near Bārāṇasī, in Kāsi, to set
in motion the Dhamma Wheel. I will beat the large deathless drum for all
Devas and humans who, without the eye of wisdom, are groping around
like the blind.
Thereupon, the ascetic Upaka said: “My friend, if what you claim is true, you
must be one who possesses infinite wisdom (
ananta-ñāṇa
) and who has
conquered the five kinds of death (
māra
).”
[356]
The Buddha replied thus:
Mādisā ve Jinā honti, ye pattā āsavakkhayaṁ,
jitā me pāpakā dhammā, tasmāham-Upaka jino.
Upaka, the Buddhas who are of the same nature like myself are named
Conquerors (
Jina
) since they have attained the path-knowledge of an
Arahat (
Arahatta-magga-ñāṇa
), the extinction of the four pollutants
(
āsava
), and have got rid of the unwholesome factors (
akusala-dhamma
). I
am also known by the name of Conqueror, for, like these Buddhas, I have
attained the knowledge of the extinction of the pollutants (
āsavakkhaya-
ñāṇa
), and abandoned the unwholesome factors.
Thereupon, the ascetic Upaka saying, “My friend, what you have said may be
true!” nodded his head and took another route to go to Vaṅkahāra district. The
opportunity of having such a dialogue and discussion with the Buddha proved to
be a helpful factor in his renouncing the world later on. True! Upaka was in fact
one who possessed extraordinary merit (
adhikāra
). For this very reason, the
Buddha had taken the journey on foot to meet him on the way.
Those who listened to the Buddha’s words of the Dhamma before he
delivered the Dhamma Wheel (
Dhamma-cakka
) discourse did not attain
the paths and fruitions. They just acquired a tendency (
vāsanā
) for
applying themselves to the realisation of the Dhamma. It is a natural law
(
dhammatā
); and so Upaka did not attain the paths and fruitions although
he had listened to such profound words of the Dhamma relating to the
qualities of the Buddha. He just enjoyed the benefit of having an
inclination to become a monastic afterwards.