9: The Buddha Reflects on the Dhamma – 432
become converted only when the four noble truths were taught and
explained in detail (
vitthāra-niddesa-pada-bhājanī
), just as the lotuses
standing level with the surface of the water would bloom forth the next
day (
vipañcitaññū-puggala
); 3) the individuals who could not yet be
converted by listening to the Dhamma both briefly and in detail at one
sitting but would understand the four noble truths and become converted
after a day or a month or a year with the help of their friends and by
persistently applying themselves to the realisation of the Dhamma, just as
the lotuses remaining submerged would bloom forth on the third day
(
neyya-puggala
); 4) the individuals who would not realise path and fruit
however much they listened to and practised the Dhamma in the present
life (
pada-parama-puggala
) but had the benefit of acquiring an inclination
(
vāsanā
) for the Dhamma in future existences. They would end their lives
by becoming the food for the fishes and tortoises of the defilements, just as
the lotuses, which were diseased, neither rose from the water nor bloomed
forth, would eventually become the food for fishes and tortoises.
On thus seeing the four kinds of individuals and reflecting on the Dhamma
which would be of benefit to them, the Buddha developed an ardent desire
to teach the Dhamma. Then he proceeded to separate all beings into two
categories: individuals fit for higher truths and liberation called capable
people (
bhabba-puggala
) and individuals not fit for higher truths and
liberation called incapable people (
abhabba-puggala
). Of these two
[353]
categories, incapable people were set aside and not taken into
consideration, he took only capable people into the fold of his omniscience
(
sabbaññutā-ñāṇa
) and divided them into six groups, saying: “The beings
full of passion (
rāga
) are this many. The beings full of hatred (
dosa
) are
this many. The beings full of delusion (
moha
) are this many. The beings
who are thoughtful (
vitakka
) are this many. The beings replete with faith
(
saddhā
) are this many. The beings replete with wisdom (
paññā
) are this
many.” And then he expressed his intention by saying: “I shall indeed
teach the Dhamma!”
After thus reflecting and discerning, the Buddha gave his assent to Brahma
Sahampati in verse (MN 26):
Apārutā tesaṁ amatassa dvārā,
ye sotavanto pamuñcantu saddhaṁ,
vihiṁsa-saññī paguṇaṁ na bhāsiṁ,
Dhammaṁ paṇītaṁ manujesu Brahme.