II: The Rare Appearance of a Buddha – 42
little faith, wisdom, will and energy would have flinched if they had known the
pertinent facts concerning the multiplicity of the perfections such as fulfilment
of these perfections on a mighty scale, fulfilment of the perfections in every
existence without interruption, fulfilment with seriousness and thoroughness,
fulfilment for a long time and fulfilment without regard to one’s life. Only
undaunted fulfilment of these awesome perfections could lead to Awakening.
Buddhahood is therefore said to be something hard to obtain (
dullabha
). The
appearance of a Buddha is indeed a rare phenomenon.
There are five rare phenomena hard to encounter: 1) The appearance of a
Buddha (
Buddhuppāda
); 2) gaining rebirth as a human being (
manussatta-
bhāva
); 3) being endowed with faith in the Three Treasures and the law of
deeds and their results (
saddhā-sampatti-bhāva
); 4) becoming a member of
the community of monastics (
pabbajita-bhāva
); and 5) getting the
opportunity of hearing the teaching of a Buddha (
Saddhamma-savana
).
Thus, it is mentioned in the Collection of the Numerical Discourses (
Aṅguttara-
nikāya
, AN 1.71):
Eka-puggalassa bhikkhave pātu-bhāvo dullabho lokasmiṁ:
katamassa eka-pugglassa? Tathāgatassa Arahato Sammā-
sambuddhassa imassa kho bhikkhave eka-puggalassa pātu-bhāvo
dullabho lokasmiṁ.
Monks, in the world, emergence of one being is very rare. Whose
emergence? The Realised One, the Worthy One, the Perfect Self-
Awakened Buddha, who is worthy of the highest veneration and who
knows the truth, his emergence is indeed very rare.
The commentary on that discourse, too, explains why the appearance of a
Buddha is so rare. Of the ten perfections, with regard to alms giving alone, one
cannot become a Buddha after fulfilling it just once; one cannot become a
Buddha after fulfilling it twice, ten times, 20, 50, 100, 1,000, 100,000 times, or
times numbering 10,000,000, 100 billion, 1,000 billion, or 100,000 billion.
Similarly, one cannot become a Buddha after fulfilling it for one day, two days,
ten, 20, 50, 100, 1,000, 100,000 days or days numbering 100,000 billion; not after
fulfilling it for one month, two months or months
[22]
numbering 100,000
billion; not after fulfilling it even for one year, two years, or years numbering
100,000 billion; not after fulfilling it even for a great aeon, two great aeons, or
great aeons numbering 100,000 billion; fulfilling it even one great immeasurable