9: The Buddha Reflects on the Dhamma – 428
reflected: “What Dhamma should be taught to these beings and what method
should be employed in teaching them.”
148
Another explanation is that there are two causes (
nidāna
) for the Buddhas to
teach the Dhamma: 1) The feeling of compassion for sentient beings generated
in the mind continuum of the Buddhas, i.e., the great compassion (
mahā-karuṇā
),
which is the internal (
ajjhattika
) cause; and 2) the act of asking by the world-
respected Brahma for the Buddha’s teaching of the Dhamma, i.e., the request by
Brahma (
Brahma-yācana
), which is the external (
bāhira
) cause.
At the time when the Buddha thus reflected on the profundity of the Dhamma
and on the abundance of the defilements (
kilesa
) in sentient beings, the great
compassion (
mahā-karuṇā
) of Buddha, the internal cause, had already arisen,
but the external cause
was still lacking as Brahma had not made the request yet.
The Buddha was inclined to teach the Dhamma only when Brahma had made the
request, thereby fulfilling the external cause.
The teaching of the Dhamma, only when requested by Brahma, was a natural
law (
dhammatā
) for every Buddha. The reason for the teaching of the Dhamma,
only when thus requested by Brahma, was this: Outside the Buddha’s
Dispensation, before the appearance of the Buddha, those who were considered
virtuous, whether laymen, wanderers, ascetics or Brahmins, worshipped and
revered only Brahma. If the world-respected Great Brahma showed reverence to
the Buddha by bowing before him, the whole world would do likewise, and
develop faith in the Buddha. For this reason, it was usual for the Buddhas to
teach the Dhamma only when requested by Brahma. Thus only when the
external cause, the request of Brahma, had been made, did the Buddha teach the
Dhamma.
The Great Brahma Sahampati’s Request
The great Brahma Sahampati was previously a noble elder (
thera
) by the
name of Sahaka at the time of Buddha Kassapa’s Dispensation. In that
capacity, he attained the first form absorption and when he died without
having fallen from the absorption, he was reborn on the first absorption
148
It was not that the Buddha had entirely given up his intention thus: “I will not at all
teach the Dhamma to sentient beings.” For details, see the Questions of King Milinda
(
Milinda-pañha
) [no further reference given].