7: The Attainment of Buddhahood – 397
The nine knowledges of insight are, according to the Path of Purification
(
Visuddhi-magga
): 1) Knowledge of contemplation of rise and fall (
udaya-
vayānupassanā
-
ñāṇa
), which is free from imperfection and steady on its
course; 2) knowledge of the contemplation of dissolution
(
bhaṅgānupassanā
-
ñāṇa
); 3) knowledge of appearance as terror
(
bhayānupassanā
-
ñāṇa
); 4) knowledge of contemplation of danger
(
ādīnavānupassanā
-
ñāṇa
); 5) knowledge of contemplation of dispassion
(
nibbidānupassanā
-
ñāṇa
); 6) knowledge of desire for deliverance
(
muñcitukamyatā
-
ñāṇa
); 7) knowledge of contemplation of reflection
(
paṭisaṅkhānupassanā
-
ñāṇa
); 8) knowledge of equanimity about
formations (
saṅkhārupekkhā
-
ñāṇa
); and 9) knowledge in conformity with
truth (
anuloma
-
ñāṇa
).
142
It should especially be noted that the Stream-entry path (
Sotāpatti-magga
)
attained by the Buddha was the first absorption-path (
jhāna-magga
) with
the five factors of initial application (
vitakka
), sustained application
(
vicāra
), joy (
pīti
), happiness (
sukha
), and one-pointedness (
ekaggatā
). The
Once-returning path (
Sakadāgāmi-magga
) was the second absorption-path
with the three factors of joy, happiness, and one-pointedness. The Non-
returning path (
Anāgāmi-magga
) was the third absorption-path with the
two factors of happiness and one-pointedness. The Arahat path (
Arahatta-
magga
) was the fourth absorption-path with the two factors of equanimity
(
upekkhā
) and one-pointedness.
143
In this manner, the series of the seven purities, described above, constitute the
right and proper way to Nibbāna. Buddhas, Paccekabuddhas and noble disciples
of the past, present and future, realise Nibbāna only through the series of these
seven purities; and, to say the least, so do the noble individuals who attain the
noble path by developing at least the skin as the fifth (
taca-pañcaka
) meditation
or by hearing a Dhamma discourse in verse delivered by a Buddha through the
projection of his image while he remained behind at the monastery. They attain
the noble path (
ariya-magga
), going through these seven purities successively.
The skin as the fifth (
taca-pañcaka
) meditation is meditation on the first
five features of the body with skin (
taca
) as the fifth, the other four being
hair on the head (
kesa
), hair on the body (
loma
), nails (
nakha
) and teeth
142
For further elucidation, see Chapter XXI of The Path of Purification.
143
See the commentary on the Discourse on the Impurities (
Upakkilesa-sutta
, MN 128).