II: The Rare Appearance of a Buddha – 38
regard to the absorptions, concentration, attainments, etc. (
jhānādi-
samkilesa-vodāna-vuṭṭhāna-ñāṇa
); 8) knowledge of remembering many
former births (
pubbe-nivāsa-ñāṇa
); 9) knowledge of perceiving with the
divine eye how beings vanish and reappear according to their deeds
(
cutūpapāta-ñāṇa
or
dibba-cakkhu-ñāṇa
); and 10) knowledge of the
extinction of all moral pollutants and impurities that befuddle the mind
(
āsavakkhaya-ñāṇa
), that is, becoming an Arahat.
After fulfilling the necessary perfections for one immeasurable period and
100,000 aeons, if he is a future chief disciple, or 100,000 aeons, if he is a future
great disciple, or 100 aeons or 1,000 aeons or any smaller number of aeons, if he
is a future ordinary disciple, a future disciple attains Awakening consisting of
the insight-knowledge of the path, which is understanding of the four noble
truths (
sāvaka-bodhi-ñāṇa
), with the help of a teacher who is a Buddha. The
noble person who has thus attained the Awakening of a disciple (
sāvaka-bodhi-
ñāṇa
) is called an Awakened disciple (
sāvaka-buddha
); he may have the status
of a chief disciple, a great disciple or an ordinary disciple.
4. The Duties of a Buddha
There are three types of Awakened Ones:
1. Those who help others cross over (
tārayitu
).
2. Those who have crossed over (
tārita
).
3. Those who were helped across (
tarita
).
Among these great personages, namely, omniscient Buddhas, Independent
Buddhas and Awakened disciples, omniscient Buddhas are called ones who
makes other cross, and helps them through (
tārayitu
), the most supreme ones,
who, having themselves crossed the ocean of Saṁsāra,
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save others from their
perils.
Independent Buddhas are called those who have crossed over (
tārita
), the noble
ones who have crossed over the ocean of Saṁsāra on their own, but are unable
to save others from its perils. Independent Buddhas do not appear in an age
when an omniscient Buddha makes his appearance. They appear only in the
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Saṁsāra
, literally, moving about continuously from one life to another, i.e. the cycle
of births.