7: The Attainment of Buddhahood – 384
defilements which appear thus can be subdued only by the cultivation of
the absorptions through the practice of concentration. The putting away of
defilements by concentration (
samādhi
) is called putting away to a
distance (
vikkhambhana-pahāna
). The absorptions can dispose of the
defilements for a considerable time so that they do not rise again.
But there still remain the defilements of the third stage which do not come
into existence as mental properties but lie latent surrounding the life-
continuum (
anusaya-bhūmi
). They cannot be removed by morality and
concentration and are left undispelled by them. Only the knowledge of the
path (
magga-ñāṇa
) attained by development of insight meditation which
produces wisdom (
paññā
) can get rid of these defilements leaving nothing
behind. This putting away of defilements by means of wisdom so that they
will never rise again is called abandoning by cutting off (
samuccheda-
pahāna
).
Here, the fulfilment of the perfections and the practice of morality which
put away the defilements temporarily (
tad-aṅga-pahāna
) come under the
great deeds of merit (
mahā-kusala
); practice of concentration meditation
to develop concentration, which puts away defilements to a distance is
regarded as great deeds of merit (
mahāggata-kusala
). The practice of
insight meditation to produce wisdom, the path-knowledge (
magga-ñāṇa
),
which completely cuts off by abandoning (
samuccheda-pahāna
), is a
supermundane deed of merit (
lokuttara-kusala
).
[323]
In this manner, throughout the period of four immeasurable periods and 100,000
aeons, he had eradicated the aggregates of impurities which defiled his mind,
and also eliminated ignorance and delusion (
avijjā-moha
) which act as a general
of the army leading the hordes of defilements (
kilesa
), accompanying him. At
the same time, he made the five faculties: faith, energy, mindfulness,
concentration and wisdom, grew stronger, existence after existence. Thus, he
had travelled through the difficult journey of Saṁsāra, continuously engaged in
developing and fulfilling the perfections (
pāramī
) with fiery zeal till the time
when, as King Vessantara, he gave away Queen Maddī in generosity, as the final
act of merit which would enable him to become a Buddha. Thereafter, he spent
his life in the Tusita realm, enjoying the celestial pleasures and awaiting the
time when he would become a Buddha.
Since he was one who had thus reached the pinnacle of wisdom, having done
away with the factors of defilements, such as greed, hatred, etc., by means of
accumulated merits of the perfections such as generosity, morality, etc., the