7: The Attainment of Buddhahood – 362
come into being. Hence noble Arahats, who have eradicated the moisture
of craving or greed, do not take rebirth in a new existence.
Thus, sentient beings who appear on account of the coming together of the
three causes, are overwhelmed by the flood of various sufferings such as
birth, etc. The Bodhisatta is one who wants to remove all these sufferings
afflicting sentient beings.
The root cause of all the suffering, such as birth, etc., is craving (
taṇhā
). If
craving is uprooted, birth does not take place. If birth does not take place,
old age, death, etc., do not happen. Therefore, it is craving that should be
eradicated first and
[310]
foremost; and from delusion (
moha
) springs that
craving in sentient beings who long for happiness by perceiving the six
sense objects (
ārammaṇa
), such as visible objects (
rupārammaṇa
), as being
permanent (
nicca-sañña
), delightful (
sukha-sañña
), pleasant (
subha-sañña
)
or durable (
atta-sañña
). And craving can be abandoned only if the defects
of the six sense objects, the origin of craving, are made manifest.
Again, the defects of the six sense objects mean that the state of
impermanence is inherent in them; the state of impermanence in turn, is
discernable only when the nature of old age and death is seen; only when
old age and death is seen, the defects of the six sense objects, such as the
state of impermanence can be seen; and only when these defects of the six
sense objects are seen can craving and greed, which cling to the six sense
objects, be discarded. Only when craving and greed can be discarded will
the suffering
in Saṁsāra, such as birth, old age, etc., cease. This being the
case, discernment of old age and death forms the basic and most essential
factor in the cessation of the suffering
in Saṁsāra. And so, the Bodhisatta
came to this human world and took conception in the lotus-like womb of
Queen Māyā in order to show all sentient beings the nature of old age and
death which forms the basic and essential factor in the cessation of
suffering in Saṁsāra.
If the Bodhisatta, having been born a Deva or a Brahma, were to teach the
nature of old age and death and perform miracles, others would not
believe him, thinking: “This Deva or Brahma, although being himself
someone who enjoys happiness, who is permanent and durable, comes and
teaches us the doctrine of impermanence, suffering and non-self, what
kind of teaching is this?” They would not listen to him respectfully either.
They would merely opine: “Can there be anything which a Deva or a
Brahma cannot teach? There is nothing he cannot teach. And can there be
any miracles which he cannot perform? Indeed he can perform all