II: The Rare Appearance of a Buddha – 29
2. The Duties of a Bodhisatta
Mere desire to possess wealth and not working for it leads nowhere. Only when
one works hard enough can one hope to gain the desired object. In the same way,
the three types of Bodhisattas, who wish to attain the above mentioned three
respective types of Awakening, attain them only when they have fulfilled their
perfections (
pāramī
), sacrificed their lives and limbs in charity (
cāga
) and
developed their virtues through good conduct (
cariyā
) as a means of achieving
the Awakening which they so desire.
In a business enterprise, the extent of profit gained is determined by the capital
invested and the effort put in. When the capital is large and the effort great, the
profit is considerable; when the capital and effort are fair, the accruing profit is
just fair; when the capital and effort are little, the profit gained is little. In the
same way, there exist distinctions between Awakening attained by those who
make investment in the form of a fulfilment of the perfections, abandoning of
life and limb in charity and development of virtues:
[14]
the practices which are
conducive to the maturity of Awakening (
Bodhi-paripācaka
). The profits gained
in the form of Awakening differ inasmuch as there are differences in their
investment of the perfections, charity and virtues through practice. The
differences may be explained as follows:
1. Perfect Bodhisattas (
Sammā-Sambodhisatta
) who even before the definite
prophecy accumulate merits and make the mental resolution to become a
Buddha. The definite prophecy is made by a Buddha saying: “This person will
become a Buddha under a certain name in a certain world,” like Buddha
Dīpaṅkara who predicted Sumedha would become Gotama Buddha, as
mentioned in the passage (Ap 1.4, PTS 1.1):
Aham-pi pubba-Buddhesu, Buddhattam-abhipatthayiṁ,
manasā yeva hutvāna Dhamma-rajā asaṅkhiyā.
I also amongst the previous Buddhas, aspired for becoming a Buddha,
having made with my mind innumerable kings of the Dhamma.
In the Traditions about the Buddha (
Buddhāpadāna
), a Bodhisatta aspires
mentally to Buddhahood in the presence of innumerable Buddhas throughout
immeasurable aeons.