2: The Bodhisatta’s Youth – 295
riding on the chariot drawn by thoroughbred horses on the full moon of July
(
Āsāḷha
) in the year 535
BCE
, he saw, on the way, the first omen, that of an old
man. On seeing this omen, he discarded the pride arising from the exuberance of
youthfulness (
yobbana-māna
).
Then, when the prince proceeded again to the royal garden as before on the full
moon of November (
Kattikā
), he saw, on the way, the second omen, that of a
sick man. On seeing this second omen, he discarded the pride arising from the
exuberance of sound health (
ārogya-māna
).
On proceeding again to the royal garden, as before, on the full moon of March
(
Phagguṇa
), he saw, on the way, the third omen, that of a dead man. On seeing
the third omen, the prince discarded the pride arising from the exuberance of
being alive (
jīvita-māna
).
Then again, on the full moon of July (
Āsāḷha
), in the year 534
BCE
, the prince
went out to the royal garden, as before. He saw, on the way, the omen of the
recluse. The sight of this omen awakened in him a liking for the life of a recluse;
and, making the resolution: “I shall become a recluse this very day,” he
proceeded on his journey to reach the garden the same day.
The Enumeration of Phenonema (
Dhamma-saṅgaṇī
, PTS 234) gives an
exposition about spiritual urgency (
saṁvega
)
[266]
as follows: The fear of
birth (
jāti
) or the knowledge that birth is a big fearsome danger is called
the danger of birth (
jāti-bhaya
); the fear of old age (
jarā
) or the
knowledge that old age is a big fearsome danger is called the danger of
ageing (
jarā-bhaya
); the fear of sickness (
vyādhi
) or the knowledge that
sickness is a big fearsome danger is called the danger of sickness (
vyādhi-
bhaya
); and the fear of death (
maraṇa
) or the knowledge that death is a
big fearsome danger is called the danger of death (
maraṇa-bhaya
). The
group of these four kinds of knowledge is known as religious urgency
(
saṁvega
).
Of the four kinds of great omens already described, the first three are
known as omens which give rise to a sense of spiritual urgency (
saṁvega-
nimitta
), because, if birth takes place, there is an unavoidable certainty of
the manifestation of ageing, sickness and death. Because of the arising of
birth, there is bound to be the arising of ageing, sickness and death. There
is no escape from ageing, sickness and death for one who has been born.
To one who looks upon these phenomenal dangers as fearsome, harsh and
dreadful, they cause the arising of terrible fright and alarm in them.