2: The Bodhisatta’s Youth – 293
and becoming a recluse, Prince Siddhattha spent his time enjoying the pleasures
and luxuries of the palace and the sense of spiritual urgency generated by the
detestation of the nature of birth, old age, illness and death became somewhat
diminished.
When four months had passed living such a life of luxury, the prince again rode
to the royal garden in the chariot drawn by the thoroughbred horses as before.
On the way, he saw the omen created by the Devas for a fourth time, a man, who
had embraced the life of a recluse, with a clean shaven head and beard, wearing
a bark-dyed robe. “Charioteer,” said the prince, “this man’s head is not like the
heads of others; it is a clean-shaven head and also he has his beard shaved. His
clothes are also not like those of others and are bark-dyed. By what name is he
known?” The charioteer replied: “Your majesty, he is known as a recluse.”
The prince asked the charioteer again: “Charioteer, what is meant by a recluse?
Explain the nature of a recluse to me.” The charioteer replied: “Your majesty, a
recluse is a person who, bearing in mind that it is good to practise the ten
courses of wholesome actions (
kusala-kamma-patha
), beginning with generosity
(
dāna
), has gone forth from worldly life and put on the bark-dyed clothes. He is
a man who, bearing in mind that it is good to practise the ten courses of
wholesome actions which are in accord with righteousness, which are free from
blemish, which are clean and pure, has gone forth from the worldly life and put
on the bark-dyed clothes. He is one who, bearing in mind that it is good to
refrain from ill-treating sentient beings, to work for the promotion of their
welfare, has gone forth from the worldly life and put on the bark-dyed clothes.”
Here, although the charioteer had no knowledge of a recluse or his virtues
since it was a time prior to the appearance of a Buddha and his teaching,
he said through the supernormal powers of the Devas, that the man was a
recluse, and explained the
[265]
virtues of a recluse. This account is taken
from the Chronicles of the Buddhas (
Buddha-vaṁsa
) commentary and the
Ornaments of the Victor (
Jinālaṅkāra
).
Those Bodhisattas with a much longer lifespan saw the four great omens,
one after another, with the lapse of 100 years between each other. In the
case of our Bodhisatta, however, appearing during a far shorter span of
life, the intervening period between two subsequent omens was four
months. According to the Collection of the Long Discourses (
Dīgha-nikāya
)
reciters, however, the Bodhisatta saw all the four great omens in one day.