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3: The Renunciation of the Prince
Visiting the Royal Garden
In this manner, Prince Siddhattha became a reigning prince in Kapilavatthu at
the age of sixteen. When he attained the age of 29, after having enjoyed the
comfort and luxury of a Universal Monarch, attended upon by a retinue of
40,000 Princesses headed by the chief Princess Yasodharā, one day, he became
desirous, of visiting the Royal Garden. And so he sent for the charioteer and
ordered him: “Charioteer, have the chariot ready! I will visit the royal garden.”
– “Very well,” replied the charioteer and had the royal chariot, which was
excellent and fit only for noble personages, adorned with ornaments and to it
were harnessed four thoroughbred horses which were pure white like the full
moon or the white lotus flower and as fast as the wind or Garuḍa, the king of
birds. When informed by the charioteer that the chariot was ready, the prince
rode in the chariot which was gorgeous like a celestial mansion and headed for
the royal garden in a grand procession.
1. The Omen of an Old Man
When the prince had travelled some distance on his way to the royal garden, the
Devas conferred: “The time for Prince Siddhattha to become a Buddha is
drawing near. Let us show him omens which will cause him to renounce the
world and become a recluse.” They asked a Deva to assume the appearance of an
aged man, having grey hair, no teeth, stooping back, and trembling with a
walking stick in his hand. This omen of an old man created by the Deva could be
seen by no one but the prince and the charioteer.
On seeing the old man, the prince asked the charioteer: “Charioteer, the hair of
that man is not like that of others; his hair is totally white. His body is also not
like that of others; the teeth are all gone; there is little flesh on his body; with a
stooping back, he is trembling all over. By what name is he known?” The
charioteer replied: “Your majesty, he is called an old man.”
The prince, who had never even heard before the word “old man,” much less
seen one, again asked the charioteer: “Charioteer, never before have I seen any
one of such a nature; whose hair is white, who has no teeth, who is emaciated
and trembling, with a stooping back. What is meant by an old man?” The