The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2865
As it is easy to develop loving-kindness towards a friend, so it is easy to develop
equanimity
towards a neutral person. Because one does not love or hate him, it
is easy to keep one’s attitude towards him balanced without any desire to see him
happy or to see him suffer. But it is more difficult to develop equanimity
towards a foe. Because, if one hates him, one rejoices easily when he declines,
and one envies him when he prospers. It is hard to prevent both mental states
from arising; when either of them sets in, even in the slightest manner, one fails
to maintain equanimity.
It is still more difficult to develop equanimity
towards a friend than towards a
foe. Because one is already attached to a friend, one is delighted when he
prospers or distressed when misfortune befalls him. It is difficult to prevent both
delight and distress from arising in oneself.
Only when one maintains equanimity with the same attitude towards all three
types of persons as towards oneself, without any of the above-mentioned
difficulties, can the development of equanimity
be possible. As long as there is
partiality in one’s attitude towards these three types of persons, equanimity
is far
from successful.
As has been said, the development of equanimity
is not an attitude of unconcern
or neglect; on the contrary, it does pay attention to and takes an interest in the
object of contemplation. In doing so, one says to oneself: “Nothing can be done
to make beings, including myself, happy or unhappy. Those who are possessed of
good deeds will be happy and those who are possessed of bad deeds will be
unhappy. Since their happiness and unhappiness are related to their past deeds,
nothing can be done about them.” Only profound reflection in this vivid manner,
with living beings as objects of contemplation, constitutes genuine equanimity.
Since it involves neither anxiety nor uneasiness, it is noble, serene and calm. The
more it goes beyond loving-kindness, the higher its spiritual standard is.
Like loving-kindness, equanimity
is one of the 40 subjects of tranquillity
(
samatha
) meditation and one of the ten perfections. One who desires to
meditate on equanimity
according to the tranquillity method does so
[1665]
only
for the highest absorption (
jhāna
) and not for the lower ones. Those who are
slow to grasp, reach the highest stage of absorption (
jhāna
) only by acquiring
them five times. For them, the Buddha has taught the fivefold absorption, which
is called the fivefold (
pañcaka
) method. The absorption acquired for the first
time by them is the first absorption, the one acquired for the second time is the