The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2858
“Extinction of anger means fulfilment of loving-kindness, but arising of passion
means destruction of loving-kindness.”
When a man directs his loving-kindness towards another to whom he has shown
anger, the anger disappears, and there appears in him loving-kindness, which is
goodwill. Therefore, disappearance of anger leads to appearance of loving-
kindness. If passionate attachment appears in him while he is thus developing
genuine loving-kindness, his genuine loving-kindness fails. He has now been
deceived by passion, which assumes the semblance of loving-kindness.
[1661]
As loving-kindness is one of the ten perfections, it should be directed towards
other beings until they return their goodwill to oneself, as was shown in the
example of the Bodhisatta Suvaṇṇasāma and others. Not only is loving-kindness
included in the ten perfections, but it is also found in the 40 methods of
tranquillity (
samatha
) meditation, which leads to the attainment of absorption
(
jhāna
) and the super knowledges (
abhiññā
). Therefore, Bodhisattas and
virtuous men of ancient times developed loving-kindness, and, with sharp and
intense concentration, attained the absorptions (
jhāna
) which are called full
concentration (
appanā
) in Pāḷi.
To give illustrations of such an attainment while fulfilling the perfections, the
Birth Story about the Best (
Seyya-jātaka
, Ja 282) and the Birth Story about the
King Ekarājā (
Ekarāja-jātaka
, Ja 303) may be cited.
The Birth Story about the Best
A synopsis of the Birth Story about the Best: King Brahmadatta of Bārāṇasī
ruled righteously, fulfilling his ten kingly duties. He gave alms, kept the five
precepts and observed the eight Observance Day precepts. Then a minister who
had committed a crime in the palace was expelled by the king from the kingdom.
He went to the neighbouring country of Kosala, and while serving the king there,
he urged him to attack and conquer Bārāṇasī which, he said, could easily be
done. King Kosala followed his suggestion, arrested and imprisoned King
Brahmadatta, who put up no resistance at all, along with his ministers.
In the prison, Brahmadatta directed his loving-kindness towards Kosala, who
had robbed him of his kingdom, and, in due course, Brahmadatta attained
loving-kindness absorption (
mettā-jhāna
). Because of the power of that loving-
kindness, the robber King Kosala felt burning sensations throughout his whole
body, as if it were burnt with torches. Suffering from particularly severe pain,