The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2849
beings be free from enmity.” Continuously repeating in this way means
development of loving-kindness. If one desires to do so in the second way in Pāḷi,
one should recite:
Sabbe sattā abyāpajjā hontu
, “may all beings be free from ill-
will.” Continuously repeating in this way also means the development of loving-
kindness. In this manner, all the 528 ways of suffusing loving-kindness (
mettā
)
should be understood.
The development of loving-kindness
in these 528 ways, as shown above, is
taught in the Path of the Analytic Knowledges (
Paṭisambhidā-magga
) and is
well-known. In that text there is no mention of the development of compassion
(
karuṇā
), altruistic joy (
muditā
) and equanimity (
upekkhā
) at the end of that of
loving-kindness (
mettā
) though. But, nowadays, suffusion of loving-kindness, as
published in some books, contains at the end of the development of loving-
kindness: 1)
dukkha-muccantu
, “may they be free from suffering,” which is a
development of compassion (
karuṇā
); 2)
yathā laddhā sampattito
māvigacchantu
, “may they not suffer loss of what they have gained,” which is a
development of altruistic joy (
muditā
); and 3)
kammassakā
, “they have their
productive deeds (
kamma
), as their own property; each being is what his or her
deeds makes,” which is a development of equanimity (
upekkhā
). They are
included by the ancient teachers so that those who wish to develop compassion,
altruistic joy and equanimity may do so by taking the development of loving-
kindness as a guide.
Therefore, if one desires to develop compassion, one should incline one’s
thoughts towards living beings like this:
Sabbe sattā dukkhā muccantu
, “may all
beings be free from suffering;” if one desires to develop altruistic joy:
Sabbe
sattā yathā laddhā sampattito māvigacchantu
, “may all beings not suffer loss of
what they have gained;” if one desires to develop equanimity:
Sabbe sattā
kammassakā
, “all beings have their productive deeds (
kamma
) as their own
property.”
But this does not mean that only this way, as mentioned in the scriptures, should
be adopted but not others. Because for covering all beings without any
classification, there are not only terms like:
satta, pāṇa, bhūta, puggala
and
atta-bhāva-pariyāpannā,
all of which indicate beings; but there are such words
as
sarīrī, dehī, jīva, pajā, jantu, hindagu,
etc. which also mean beings. To suffuse
beings with the thought:
Sabbe sarīrī averā hontu
, “may all those having bodies
be free from enmity,” etc. is also to direct loving-kindness (
mettā
) towards them.