The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2823
The Birth Story about Prince Bhūridatta
In the Birth Story about Prince Bhūridatta (
Bhūridatta-jātaka
, Ja 543) also,
when the Brahmin Nesāda approached the Bodhisatta, a Nāga who was
observing the precepts, and asked him: “Who are you? Are you a powerful god?
Or are you a mighty Nāga?” – “This man will believe me,” thought the Nāga
King, and thinking: “I could say I am a divine being, but I ought to tell him the
truth,” he told him that he was a powerful Nāga. This speech of the Nāga King,
like Vidhura’s, was made not to make others believe, nor was it to have one’s
wish fulfilled. But it was made to avoid falsehood and to reveal the truth (
musā-
viramaṇa-sacca
).
What constitutes the sixth of the ten perfections is this avoidance of falsehood
(
musā-viramaṇa-sacca
). Bodhisattas of old always made it a point to cultivate
this kind of speech which is an avoidance of falsehood, so they fulfilled the
perfection of truthfulness by speaking truthfully, existence after existence. If
they kept silent to avoid having to tell lies and to observe truthfulness, it was not
pure truth (
vacī-sacca
) because there was no speech at all. It was only avoidance
of falsehood (
virati-sacca
).
Only when circumstances demand to convince others did Bodhisattas use truth
of the first kind, the truth told so that one will be believed by others (
sadda-
hāpana-sacca
); otherwise they did not. Similarly, only when they were required
to get their wish fulfilled, did they make use of the truth of the second kind, the
truth told so that one’s wish may be fulfilled (
icchā-pūraṇa-sacca
). As regards
the third kind, the truth told so that telling lies may be avoided (
musā-viramaṇa-
sacca
), they always resorted to it on all occasions. Following their examples,
those who are virtuous should speak truth that avoids falsehood (
musā-
viramaṇa-sacca
) and make efforts to cultivate it.
Two More Kinds of Truth
The aforesaid truths may be classified under two headings only, namely:
1. Truth that accomplishes something the moment one speaks (
vacī-bheda-
siddhi-sacca
).
2. Truth that entails a follow-up after one has spoken (
pacchānurakkhaṇa-
sacca
).