The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2822
When Puṇṇaka asked whether Vidhura’s name was a name without meaning or
a name the meaning of which agrees with what it represents, he wanted to verify
whether the minister was righteous or not, for the name Vidhura means
unequalled, and signifies a virtuous person who eradicates evils. Should the
minister not abide by righteousness, his name would then be a name given at
random (
rūḷhi
). Should he abide by righteousness, his name would then be a
name in harmony with his true nature (
anvattha
).
Then the minister thought to himself: “I can say that I am a relative of the king,
I am of higher rank or I am not at all related to the king. But in this world there
is no refuge like truthfulness. I should speak out what is true.” So he said:
“Friend, there are four kinds of servitude in the world:
1. The servitude of one born of a female slave.
2. The servitude of one bought by money.
3. The servitude of one who serves voluntarily.
4. The servitude of a prisoner of war.
Of these four servitudes, I am a servant who comes to serve the king voluntarily.”
So the minister answered truthfully. Such an answer given truthfully, without
deceit, was a speech of truth but not a truth told so that one will be believed by
others (
sadda-hāpana-sacca
) because the speech was made not to convince
others; nor was it a truth told so that one’s wish may be fulfilled (
icchā-pūraṇa-
sacca
) because it was made not to get one’s wish fulfilled. It was made just to
avoid telling lies and therefore was avoidance of telling lies (
musā-viramaṇa-
sacca
) only.
The Birth Story about the Wise Suvaṇṇasāma
Similarly, in the Birth Story about the Wise Suvaṇṇasāma (
Suvaṇṇasāma-jātaka
,
Ja 540), when King Pīḷiyakkha asked Suvaṇṇasāma: “What is your clan? Whose
son are you? Tell me the clan to which you and your father belong.” He would
have believed it if Suvaṇṇasāma were to say: “I am a Deva,” “a Nāga,” “a
Kinnara,” “of a royal family” or if he were to give any other answer. But he
thought he should say nothing but the truth; so he said truthfully: “I am a
fisherman’s son.” Suvaṇṇasāma’s
[1643]
speech was like Vidhura’s, it was not to
make others believe nor was it to get his wish fulfilled. In fact, it was a speech
made to avoid falsehood (
musā-viramaṇa-sacca
).