The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2821
3. The Truth Told so That Telling Lies May Be Avoided
Stories related to the truth told so that telling lies may be avoided (
musā-
viramaṇa-sacca
) are known from the Birth Story about the Wise Vidhura
(
Vidhura-jātaka
, Ja 546) and other Birth Stories. The following is a summary of
the long narration of the Vidhura story.
The Birth Story about the Wise Vidhura
When King Korabya and Puṇṇaka the Yakkha were playing a game of dice,
they agreed to bet as follows: Should the king lose, Puṇṇaka would take
anything from the king, except the king’s person, the Chief Queen, and the white
parasol. Should Puṇṇaka lose, on the other hand, the king would take from him
the Manomaya Gem and the thoroughbred horse. The king lost the contest and
Puṇṇaka asked: “I have won, O king, give me the stakes as agreed.”
As it was a fact that the king had lost, he could not refuse, but allowed Puṇṇaka
to take anything he wanted. Puṇṇaka said he would take Vidhura the minister.
Then the king pleaded: “The minister is my person. He is also my refuge.
Therefore, he should not be compared with other treasures of mine, such as gold,
silver, etc. He should be compared only with my life. Thus, I cannot surrender
him.”
Then Puṇṇaka said: “We shall not get anywhere if we are arguing whether he
belongs to you or not. Let us go to him and abide by his decision.” The king
agreed, and they went to the minister, whom Puṇṇaka asked: “Minister, as the
minister of the Kurus, you are praised even by Devas for standing by
righteousness. Is it true? Are you King Korabya’s servant? Are you a relative of
the king’s and of equal rank? Or are you a relative of the king’s but of higher
rank? Is your name Vidhura meaningful (
anvattha
) or without meaning (
rūḷhi
)?”
The last question means to say like this: In this world, there are two kinds
of names. The first is a name the meaning of which does not agree with
what it represents (
rūḷhi
); instead, it is a name given at random. The other
is a name the meaning of which agrees with what it represents (
anvattha
).
For example, if some ugly person is named Pretty Boy, it is just a name
given at random because the name does not suit the boy. If some handsome
person is named Pretty Boy, it is a name the meaning of which agrees with
what it represents because it goes well with the appearance.