The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2804
wholesome, is called the path to a good destination (
sugati-magga
) or the right
path (
sammā-magga
) as they lead to Nibbāna. The commentary on the Analysis
of the Truths (
Sacca-vibhaṅga
, Vibh 4) explains that these factors, such as right
view, etc. which constitute path consciousness are called path (
magga
) because
they are sought by those who aspire for Nibbāna; because these factors lead to
Nibbāna and because they find their way to Nibbāna after eradicating mental
defilements.
This path is not of one factor only; it is of eight factors, as will be shown below;
hence it is called the path of eight constituents (
aṭṭhaṅgika-magga
), which are:
1. Right view (
sammā-diṭṭhi
), which is knowledge of the truth of suffering,
knowledge of the truth of the cause of suffering, knowledge of the truth
of the cessation of suffering and knowledge of the truth of the path
leading to the cessation of suffering. Thus it is the fourfold knowledge.
2. Right thought (
sammā-saṅkappa
); there are three kinds of right thought:
thought of liberating oneself from sensuous defilements (
kilesa-kāma
)
and sensuous objects (
vatthu-kāma
), as has been explained in the section
on the perfection of renunciation (
nekkhama-pāramī
); thought of not
destroying others, and thought of not harming others.
3. Right speech (
sammā-vācā
), which is refraining from the four evil
kinds of speech.
4. Right action (
sammā-kammanta
), refraining from the three evil actions.
5. Right livelihood (
sammā-ājīva
), which is livelihood that is free of the
seven evils.
6. Right exertion (
sammā-vāyāma
), exertion so as not to give rise to
unwholesomeness that has not yet occurred; exertion so as to eradicate
unwholesomeness that has occurred; exertion so as to give rise to
wholesomeness that has not yet occurred and
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exertion so as to
develop wholesomeness that has occurred.
7. Right mindfulness (
sammā-sati
), mindfulness so as to be aware of one’s
body, feelings, consciousness and mental hindrances, etc.
8. Right concentration (
sammā-samādhi
), the first, second, third and
fourth absorptions (
jhāna
).