The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2803
nibbāna
). In this way, there are three kinds of Nibbāna according to its
attributes.
This truth of the cessation of suffering is, in short, called the truth of cessation
(
nirodha-sacca
). This truth of cessation is the unconditioned (
asaṅkhata
)
element. It is not conditioned by any factor. Therefore, this truth of cessation,
the unconditioned element, the ultimate reality of Nibbāna, is called an
uncaused phenomenon (
appaccaya-dhamma
) or unconditioned phenomenon
(
asaṅkhata-dhamma
) in the the Enumeration of Phenonema (
Dhamma-saṅgaṇī
).
The Noble Truth of the Path
Though Nibbāna is causeless, not conditioned by any cause and always exists, it
is not possible to realise its peace without a cause. It can be realised only through
a cause. That cause is nothing but the noble practice. Therefore, the noble
practice that leads to Nibbāna, the cessation of suffering, is termed the course of
practice that leads to the cessation of suffering (
dukkha-nirodha-gāminī-
paṭipadā
).
The Middle Path
Living in the enjoyment of sensual pleasures in the world, fulfilling the demands
of craving, is not the path for the attainment of Nibbāna, which is the cessation
of suffering. It is just an ignoble practice called devotion to the pleasure and
happiness in sense pleasures (
kāma-sukhallikānuyoga
). Efforts to make oneself
suffer by exposure of one’s body to fire or to the sun, by keeping one’s hand
raised continuously, with a view to preventing mental defilements from
appearing, do not form the way to Nibbāna, the cessation of suffering. It is
another ignoble practice called devotion to self-mortification (
atta-
kilamathānuyoga
). Avoiding self-indulgence in sensual pleasures on the one
hand and self-mortification on the other, following only the middle path which
is neither too comfortable nor too arduous, like the string of a harp which is
neither too taut nor too loose, is the practice that surely leads to Nibbāna. This
practice which is neither easy nor difficult is called the middle practice
(
majjhima-paṭipadā
).
This middle course is called the path (
magga
), the way leading to Nibbāna.
Wrong view, etc. which are unwholesome, are called the path to a bad
destination (
duggati-magga
) or simply the wrong path (
micchā-magga
) as they
lead to the four suffering states (
apāya
). Right view, etc., which is mundane and