The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2802
remaining (
sa-upādisesa-nibbāna
) before his death; after his death, however,
since there are no longer the five aggregates that contemplate Nibbāna, it is
called Nibbāna with the five aggregates no longer remaining (
anupādisesa-
nibbāna
).
The peace of Nibbāna is aspired for only when it is pondered on, after
overcoming craving by wisdom. The peace of Nibbāna, which is something
which should really be aspired for, will not be understood if craving is foremost
in one’s thinking and not overcome by wisdom.
Three Kinds of Nibbāna
Nibbāna is also of three kinds according to its attributes which are clearly
manifest in it: 1) Nibbāna which is void (
suññata-nibbāna
); 2) Nibbāna which is
devoid of cause (
animitta-nibbāna
); and 3) Nibbāna which is devoid of craving
(
appaṇihita-nibbāna
).
1. The first attribute is that Nibbāna which is devoid of all impediments
(
palibodha
); hence it is called Nibbāna which is void (
suññata-nibbāna
).
2. The second attribute is that it is devoid of consciousness (
citta
), mental
concomitants (
cetasika
) and matter (
rūpa
), which, as conditioned things, are the
cause of defilements.
Conditioned things, whether mental or material, cannot only arise individually
and without combining with one another. Material things arise only when at
least eight of them form a combination. That is why they are called units of
eight (
aṭṭha-kalāpa
). Mental things also arise only when at least eight elements
make a combination. By this is meant the fivefold consciousness (
pañca-
viññāṇa
). When such combinations of mental and material components brought
together to form an aggregate are wrongly taken to be “myself,” “my body,” “a
thing of substance,” they give rise to mental defilements, such as craving, hatred,
etc. Conditioned things are thus known as a ground or cause (
nimitta
). In
particular, mundane consciousness, mental concomitants and matter are called a
ground or cause. In Nibbāna, however, there are no such things of substance as
“myself,” “my body,” which cause the emergence of defilements; hence, the
name Nibbāna which is devoid of cause (
animitta-nibbāna
).
[1632]
3. The third attribute is that Nibbāna is devoid of craving (
taṇhā
). As has been
said before, Nibbāna has nothing to crave for. Nibbāna is not to be craved for.
Therefore, it is also called Nibbāna which is devoid of craving (
appaṇihita-