The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2801
The worldlings do not know well the nature of Nibbāna as the noble ones do. If
they, without knowing it, say or write to let others understand it as the noble
ones do, they could go wrong. Let alone speaking of Nibbāna, when they speak
even of a mundane object which they know of only from books, as though they
have seen it with their own eyes, they are likely to make mistakes. The common
worldlings not being able to see every aspect of it like the noble ones do, should
speak of Nibbāna only in the aforesaid manner.
[1630]
When Nibbāna is considered as to what it is like, those who have not understood
what it really is, are likely to regard Nibbāna as a kind of indestructible country
or city. When Nibbāna is mentioned as a secure city in a discourse at a water-
pouring ceremony, it is just a figurative usage. Nibbāna is not a city, nor is it a
country. Yet there are some who believe and say that Nibbāna is a city where
those who have passed into it live happily with mind and body free of old age,
sickness and death. The truth is that the passing of Buddhas, Paccekabuddhas
and Arahats into Nibbāna means the complete cessation of the five aggregates
of an Arahat at his death in his last existence; they will no longer appear in any
realm of existence. Nibbāna is the ultimate reality which is the object of the
paths and fruitions. Parinibbāna is complete cessation of the material and
mental aggregates which will never come into being again. Their passing into
Nibbāna is not going into the city of Nibbāna. There is no such thing as the city
of Nibbāna.
When people perform meritorious deeds, their teachers will admonish them to
pray for Nibbāna. Though they do so accordingly, they generally do not know
well what Nibbāna means. So they are not very enthusiastic about it. The
teachers, therefore, should ask them to pray for the extinction of all suffering
and sorrow because the devotees will understand thoroughly and pray
enthusiastically and seriously.
Two Kinds of Nibbāna
Suppose there is a very costly garment. When its owner is still alive, you say: “It
is an excellent garment with a user.” When he dies, you say: “It is an excellent
garment with no user.” The same garment is spoken of in accordance with the
time when the user is alive and when the user is no longer alive. Similarly, the
unconditioned element, the ultimate reality of Nibbāna, which has the
characteristic of peace and which is the object the venerable ones contemplate
by means of the paths and fruitions, is called Nibbāna with the five aggregates