The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2799
The reason for this is that the ultimate reality, Nibbāna, the unconditioned
element, is unattractive from the point of view of craving. To explain: Craving
arises from feeling, as the Buddha has stated: With sensation as condition there
is craving
(
vedanā-paccayā taṇhā
) in the doctrine of dependent origination
(
paṭicca-samuppāda
), and accordingly craving owes its existence to feeling. But
the unconditioned Nibbāna has nothing to do with feeling as it is not the kind of
happiness that is to be felt; it is but peaceful happiness (
santi-sukha
).
Then the question arises: Totally devoid of sensation, can Nibbāna be likeable
and desirable? If somebody asked like this, he does so because he thinks feeling
is real happiness, or he does not consider that peaceful happiness is real
happiness.
The answer is: There are two kinds of happiness; happiness derived from feeling
(
vedayita-sukha
) and happiness derived from peace (
santi-sukha
). Here is a
simile: Suppose there is a rich man who is fond of food. He expends much to
nourish himself with sumptuous delicacies. But a Vijjādhara, one who is
sustained by magical power, may find a rich man’s food disgusting, let alone
finding it attractive, as he is endowed with the power of living without eating.
When asked: “Of these two, who is happier as far as food
[1630]
is concerned?”
a man of craving will say a rich man is happier because he enjoys highly
sumptuous food whenever he desires, while the latter enjoys nothing. They will
say so because, being overwhelmed by craving, they believe that feeling which
stimulates craving is something to be esteemed.
Men of intelligence, on the other hand, will say that the Vijjādhara is happier. A
rich man, having a refined palate, must go in quest of elaborate foodstuffs.
Having acquired them, he is flooded with the troubles of making the necessary
preparations (
paṭisaṅkhāraṇa-dukkha
) and longing for novelty (
āsā-dukkha
). To
enjoy happiness derived from feeling (
vedayita-sukha
) is to be burdened with
these twin sufferings (
dukkha
); there is no escape from them. The Vijjādhara has
no such suffering; he lives happily having nothing to do with food. There is no
trace of worries in his happiness, which is absolute. Thus, they will say he is
happier.
Men of craving say that a rich man is happier because they do not see any of his
troubles; what they do see is his enjoyment of food. They have no good
impression of the peaceful life of the Vijjādhara who does not need to eat at all.
Instead, they envy a rich man’s way of living and want to become rich