The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2795
generosity, morality and tranquillity meditation, which are conducive to rebirth
in those states, are most numerously taught in the discourses.
For example, to accomplish a meritorious act of generosity, there must be the
supporter, his volition, the recipient and the object to offer. Of these factors,
volition alone is an ultimate reality, but the rest are just designations, exclusion
of which makes generosity impossible. The same is true of morality and
tranquillity meditation.
Therefore, it should be stated without any doubt that conventional truth leads to
happy abodes as has been noted. Exclusion of conventional truth, to say the least,
will deter fulfilment of the perfections which are required for becoming a
Buddha.
Although it is true that the Buddha’s teachings of discourses alone would make
beings avoid wrongdoings, since the Buddha himself has said that there exist “I,”
“he,” “mine,” “his,” “my wife and children” and “his wife and children,” etc.
There is a danger of beings becoming strongly attached to the wrong notion that
there really exist such things and becoming gradually removed from the paths,
fruitions and Nibbāna. In order to help them reach these paths, fruitions and
Nibbāna, the Buddha had to teach ultimate truth as embodied in the
Abhidhamma.
The discourses’ teaching of the existence of individuals and things belonging to
them is made in agreement with designations which are universally used. But by
means of the Abhidhamma, the Buddha had to remove their wrong notions,
saying that there is no such thing as “I,” “he,” “man,” “woman,” etc.; therefore,
because of their conventional terms it should not be grasped that they really
exist; all is but impermanent, unsatisfactory and unsubstantial.
In this way, the Buddha explained that there exist “I,” “he,” “man,” “woman,”
etc. only as mere designations or as conventional truth and that these things do
not exist in their ultimate sense, hence the need for him to teach both kinds of
truth.
Ultimate truth is of two kinds: natural truth and noble truth. All the four
ultimate realities: mind, mental concomitants, matter and Nibbāna, constitute
natural truth because they are real in the absolute sense.
[1628]
In the field of mundane affairs, there are both physical happiness (
sukha
) and
mental happiness (
somanassa
), which constitute natural truth. If one is in