The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2786
Sadattha-paramā atthā, khantyā bhiyyo na vijjati,
yo have balavā santo dubbalassa titikkhati,
tam-āhu paramaṁ khantiṁ.
Of all kinds of interest, self-interest is supreme, and amongst acts that
promote self-interest, forbearance is the best. He who is strong himself
endures the weak; the virtuous call this the supreme forbearance.
Explanation with Quotations from the Texts
Although the above quotations, from the Thematic Discourses about Sakka
(
Sakka-saṁyutta
, SN 11) and the Birth Story about the Teacher Sarabhaṅga
(
Sarabhaṅga-jātaka
, Ja 522), refer particularly to forbearance to verbal insults,
it should be understood that enduring physical assaults is also meant. The texts
mention verbal insults because these are more commonly met with than physical
attacks. This is borne out by the example of the aforesaid story of Ven. Puṇṇa,
which included physical ill-treatments in ascending order of grievousness.
Also, in the Birth Story about Khantivādī (
Khantivādi-jātaka
, Ja 313), is found
the story of the recluse Khantivādī, who set an example of supreme forbearance
when King Kalābu tortured him, not only verbally but also physically, causing
his death.
Anger and Forbearance
As has been stated above, forbearance is controlling oneself not to resent it
when being attacked by others, either verbally or physically. But there is
another form of anger which is not connected with verbal or physical wrongs
done by others. Suppose a man employs someone to do a certain job and the
workman performs it to the best of his ability. But the employer is not satisfied
with his work and bursts out with anger. If one controls one’s temper in such a
situation, it is not forbearance (
khantī
) it is just giving no vent to anger
(
akkodha
).
In the Long Birth Story about the Golden Goose (
Mahā-haṁsa-jātaka
, Ja 534),
the Buddha teaches the ten duties of kings (
dāsa-rāja-dhamma
), which include
both non-anger (
akkodha
) and forbearance (
khantī
).
In carrying out various orders of a monarch, his executives may have performed
their tasks well with the best of intentions, but not to his satisfaction. Non-anger
(
akkodha
), as one of the ten duties of kings, forbids him from giving way to