The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2782
6. The Perfection of Forbearance
The Chronicles of the Buddhas (Bv 2.144) exhorts one to bear praise and disdain
with patience (
sammānāvamānakkhama
). One should neither be elated when
meeting with pleasant objects nor upset when encountering unpleasant objects. It
is no tolerance of pleasantness if we develop greed under fortunate
circumstances or of unpleasantness if we develop hate under unfortunate
circumstances. The essential meaning here is: We are truly patient only when
favourable situations are faced without greed and unfavourable ones without
hate.
However, with regard to the perfection of forbearance, in illustrative stories the
commentaries generally use the term perfection of forbearance (
khanti-pāramī
)
only for tolerance to acts of physical or verbal aggression by others without
giving way to anger. The commentary to the Basket of Conduct (
Cariyā-piṭaka
)
expounds in the Chapter on Miscellany: The group of consciousnesses and its
concomitants associated with tolerance of wrongs done by others, predominated
by the mental factor of non-aversion (
adosa-cetasika
) and grasped by
compassion and skill in means is called the perfection of forbearance
(
karuṇūpāya-kosalla-pariggahitaṁ satta-saṅkhārāparādha-sahanaṁ
adosappadhāno
[1620]
tad-ākārappa-vatta-cittuppādo khanti-pāramitā
). That is,
the group of consciousnesses and its concomitants formed in such a mode of
tolerance to faults of beings is called the perfection of forbearance.
The sub-commentary to the Path of Purification (
Visuddhi-magga
) in
commenting on the five restraints of morality, mindfulness, wisdom,
forbearance and energy, briefly explained in the Abundance of Meaning (
Aṭṭha-
sālinī
, DsA), defines the restraint of forbearance as: Forbearance means
enduring; that forbearance is actually the four mental aggregates formed in such
a mode of tolerance; some teachers say it is wisdom (
paññā
) or only the mental
factor of non-aversion (
khantī ti adhivāsanā, sā ca tathā-pavattā khandhā;
paññā ti eke, adoso eva vā
).
Some scholars take the view: “The exhortation in the Pāḷi texts to bear praise
and disdain with patience, seems to imply that one should tolerate praise as well
as disdain. But, in actual experience, one is liable to be displeased and angry
only when one is insulted and despised; no one shows such emotions when
treated with honour and veneration. Therefore, the term forbearance should be