The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2773
austerities (
dukkara-cariyā
) at least for seven days. Having performed the
austerities, as the time draws near for becoming a Buddha, he sits on a seat of
grass at the foot of the Bodhi tree and makes a resolute effort with a firm
determination: “Let only my skin remain; let only my sinews remain; let only
my bones remain; let all the blood and flesh dry up, I will not rise from this seat
until I have attained omniscience (
sabbaññutā-ñāṇa
).”
Through this effort, he developed the knowledge of insight as powerful as a
great diamond insight knowledge (
mahā-vajira-vipassanā-ñāṇa
), which enables
him to realize first the law of dependent origination, followed by the knowledge
of the three characteristics of impermanence (
anicca
), suffering (
dukkha
) and
unsubstantiality (
anatta
) of all material and mental phenomena (
nāma-rūpa
).
Energy (
viriya
), like wisdom (
paññā
), is a mental concomitant, but whereas
wisdom is always associated with moral consciousness, energy being a
miscellaneous type of concomitant (
pakiṇṇaka-cetasika
) is associated with both
moral and immoral consciousness and is of the indeterminate type (
abyākata
),
which is neither moral nor immoral. Consequently, energy can be wholesome,
unwholesome or indeterminate. Effort which is wholesome is known as right
effort (
sammā-vāyāma
); effort employed for wrong purpose is unwholesome and
is called wrong effort (
micchā-vāyāma
). It is only the right effort which should
be cultivated to the fullest extent as the perfection of energy.
Right Exertion
Right effort (
sammā-vāyāma
) is also known as right exertion (
sammappadhāna
).
The
[1615]
meaning is the same. In the expositions of right exertion of the
Abhidhamma Analyses (
Sammappadhāna-vibhaṅga
, Vibh 8), the Buddha
explains the four kinds of right exertion:
1. The endeavour to prevent the arising at any time, any place, of any
object of evil which has not yet arisen or which one cannot call to mind
of having arisen at a certain time, at a certain place, on a certain object.
2. The endeavour to put away the evil that has arisen.
As a matter of fact, it is impossible to abandon evil that had already arisen
or that had arisen and passed away. The evil that had arisen in the past has
ceased, so it is no longer existing. What does not exist cannot he removed.
What is to be understood here is that one should strive to prevent arising
of new evil which is of similar nature to the one that has arisen before.