The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2767
When energy and concentration are in equilibrium, idleness (
kosajja
) and
restlessness (
uddhacca
) get no chance to arise; the balancing of these two leads
to the quick attainment of absorption (
jhāna
).
However, the mindfulness-faculty can never be in excess; there may be only its
shortage. In the text, it is likened to salt, a necessary ingredient of all food
preparations, or to a prime minister who attends to all the royal business.
Therefore, while maintaining the maximum possible mindfulness, the faculties
in each of the two pairs: faith and wisdom, energy and concentration, should be
kept in perfect balance with each other. Excess of any is a disadvantage. In this
connection, Ven. U Budh has made the following comment in his Assistance
with Steadfast Mindfulness (
Mahā-satipaṭṭhāna-nissaya
):
Excess of faith leads to over-enthusiasm; excess of wisdom leads to
craftiness; excess of energy leads to restlessness; excess of concentration
leads to mental weariness; but there is never an excess of mindfulness.
4. Avoiding persons without wisdom (
duppaññā-puggala-parivajjānaṁ
).
A person without wisdom (
duppañña
) means an individual who has no
wisdom to discern penetratingly such groups of phenonema (
dhamma
) as
the aggregates (
khandha
), the bases (
āyatana
), etc. One should keep oneself
far away from such people.
5. Associating with the wise (
paññavanta-puggala-sevana
).
The wise means persons who are possessed of the 50 characteristics of the
knowledge of arising and falling (
udaya-bhaya-ñāṇa
); for details of the 50
characteristics of arising and falling, please consult the Path of the
Analytic Knowledges (
Paṭisambhidā-magga
), or see the Path of
Purification (
Visuddhi-magga
) as translated by Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli
(Chapter XX, paras. 93-104).
Concerning both items 4 and 5 the commentator is only describing the
developments of the highest (
ukkaṭṭha
) type of wisdom. In item 4 a person
without wisdom means one who cannot discern penetratingly the group of
phenomena, such as the aggregates and the bases; a person with penetrating
knowledge of such phenomena can only be one who is of great wisdom. But
there are those who, though not possessing wisdom to discern such subtle
phenomena as aggregates and bases, know ordinary matters concerning the
practice of Dhamma: “It is proper to make such an offering; it is not proper to
do so; precepts should be observed thus, they should not be observed otherwise.”