The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2764
higher. Carpentry is an example of a lower type of manual labour. Farming and
trading are of a higher type. Mat-making, weaving, etc. are lower forms of skill
for earning one’s living, and writing, calculating, etc. are higher forms of skill
for earning one’s living.
The essential distinction between the forms of livelihood is that when manual
labour is done for the sake of livelihood without taking special training, it is of
the manual labour in earning one’s livelihood type and when skill for earning a
livelihood is acquired after special training, it is called skills for earning one’s
livelihood. When special training is for skill in vocal accomplishments, it is
called study of the arts and sciences (
vijjāṭṭhāna
).
When we discriminate one fire from another, our discrimination is not based on
the quality of the fuel used for burning but on the quantity of the fuel, and we
say “a small fire” or “a big fire.” So also in the case of wisdom, discrimination
should be done not on the basis of the quality of what is known, but rather on
the basis of the degree or extent of what is known and we should speak of
wisdom as “weak” or “powerful,” in other words, “simple” or “profound.” We
should not restrict ourselves to higher forms of knowledge as expounded in the
commentary, but also recognize the lower forms as wisdom.
Therefore, one who wishes to fulfil the perfection of wisdom should do so
irrespective of the standard of wisdom, whether low or high, and regarding
things unknown, one should approach the wise for learning from them.
Therefore, it is said in the Chronicles of the Buddhas (
Buddha-vaṁsa
, Bv 2.134):
Questioning the wise, he accomplishes the perfection of wisdom (
paripucchanto
budhaṁ janaṁ, paññā-pāramitaṁ gantvā
).”
Seven Ways of Developing Wisdom
The Dispeller of Delusion (
Sammoha-vinodanī
, PTS 276) commentary to the
Abhidhamma Analyses (
Vibhaṅga
), gives seven ways of developing wisdom in
the chapter on the foundations of steadfast mindfulness (
satipaṭṭhāna
):
1. Asking the wise again and again (
paripuccha-katā
).
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2. Making objects, both inside and outside the body, pure (
vatthu-visada-
kiriyā
).
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This is in accordance with the Pāḷi phrase quoted above.