The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2763
In brief, the Buddha knows everything, good or evil. But since he has uprooted
all latent defilements, he has no desire to commit anything evil, not to say of the
actual deed. Thus reflecting on the attributes of knowing everything that is evil,
of having abandoned what should be abandoned and of refraining from doing
any evil, we should develop faith in the Buddha.
Again, we should also examine the story of the wise Mahosadha as described in
the Birth Story about the Tunnel
[1609]
(
Umaṅga-jātaka
, Ja 542). In this story,
Cūḷanī Brahmadatta, with rulers of his vassal states, surrounded and attacked
the royal city of King Videha, who had as his right-hand man the wise
Mahosadha. Mahosadha masterminded the defense of the city by devising
various stratagems. These tactics were aimed at deceiving the enemy hordes,
breaking down their morale, and ultimately forcing them to retreat in all
directions in a disorderly rout. Should we opine that deceptive measures adopted
by Mahosadha, not being moral undertakings, do not count as wisdom, there
would be no occasion for the Bodhisatta to fulfil the perfection of wisdom. As a
matter of fact, all the strategems employed by Mahosadha are the products of
the Bodhisatta’s wisdom. The Buddha has therefore specifically mentioned the
story of Mahosadha as an example of how the Bodhisatta had fulfilled his
perfection of wisdom.
In view of what has been said, it should be noted that in the story of Sulasā, the
mountain Deva praised Sulasā as a wise person because she indeed had wisdom.
This is an explanation on doubtful points with regard to the characteristics
of wisdom.
The Kinds of Wisdom
The definition of “wisdom” given in the commentaries, such as the Abundance
of Meaning (
Aṭṭha-sālinī
, DsA) etc., as the knowledge of, or the knowledge
leading to, full comprehension of the four noble truths and the three
characteristics refers to the highest (
ukkaṭṭha
) type of wisdom. There are also
certain types of wisdom which are much lower.
The commentary on the Abhidhamma Analyses (
Vibhaṅga
), in expounding on
wisdom arising from thought (
cintā-maya-paññā
) and wisdom arising from
hearing (
suta-maya-paññā
), describes the kinds of wisdom involved in “manual
labour in earning one’s livelihood” (
kammāyatana
) and in “skills for earning
one’s livelihood” (
sippāyatana
). Each is again divided into two kinds, lower and