The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2755
(
jhāna
) and were reborn in the Brahma realms. It is evident from these stories
that, although not travelling as far as the Himālayas, just leaving the palace,
where the mental defilement of greed thrives, is sufficient for the successful
fulfilment of the perfection of renunciation. The 84,000 kings, such as
Maghadeva, completely abandoned their luxurious palaces, and by living in the
Mango Grove, their perfection of renunciation was fulfilled.
Therefore, the perfection of renunciation can be fulfilled by anyone who
abandons completely the place where his mental defilement of greed flourishes
and without establishing such new resorts, as long as he dwells in a suitable place
free from such defilements.
Two Kinds of Renunciation
Renunciation of Bodhisattas is of two kinds: Renunciation when they are young
and single; renunciation when they are old and married. The wise Sumedha, the
Hatthipāla brothers, etc. renounced the worldly life to escape from the bonds of
pleasant objects of sense-desire: luxuries of palaces or homes. Although the
Birth Stories (
Jātaka
) referred to them as examples of those who fulfilled the
perfection of renunciation, they were then mere youths, still unmarried. They
were possessors of pleasant objects of sense-desire, but it may be said that their
ties to them were not so strong.
Only older people living a household life with wife and children are tightly
bound with these fetters of the objects of sense-desire (
vatthu-kāma
). In this
connection, it may be said that renunciation by old married people is more
difficult than that by younger persons. But some could point out that the
renunciation by the Bodhisatta Prince Temiya, made at a time when he was only
sixteen and unmarried, was really an arduous one. But his difficulty arose not
from the bonds of pleasant objects of sense-desire but from the great troubles of
having to pretend to be crippled, deaf and dumb to make his renunciation
possible. Therefore, although he faced much difficulty when contriving to make
his renunciation, when he actually did so, he encountered little difficulty
because he had only a few fetters of pleasant
[1605]
objects of sense desire.
The Abundance of Meaning (
Aṭṭha-sālinī
, DsA) gives, in the chapter on the
perfection of renunciation, full accounts of the perfections (
pāramī
) that had
been fulfilled by the Bodhisatta when he was Prince Somanassa, Prince
Hatthipāla, Prince Ayoghara, etc. in innumerable existences. The commentary