The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2753
The characteristics, functions, manifestations and proximate causes of this
perfection of renunciation and of the remaining ones are dealt with later.
Relation between Renunciation and Monastics
The Basket of Conduct (
Cariyā-piṭaka
) commentary defines renunciation
(
nekkhamma
) in this way:
nekkhammaṁ
pabbajja-mūlakaṁ
. This definition can
be interpreted in two ways: “Renunciation has a monastic’s life as its cause” and
“renunciation is the cause of a monastic’s life.” The first interpretation: A
monastic’s life as a cause of renunciation is in consonance with the narration in
the Birth Story about King Mahā Janaka (
Mahā-janaka-jātaka
, Ja 539). King
Mahā Janaka first acquired the requisites of robes, a bowl etc. without the
knowledge of his queen, lesser queens and royal attendants and then went up to
the upper terrace of his palace and became a monastic; thereafter, he renounced
the world. In this instance, the Bodhisatta Mahā Janaka became a monastic
before he made the renunciation. Therefore, it may be said that the monastic’s
life is the cause and renunciation is the effect.
The second interpretation: Renunciation as a cause of a monastic’s life, is in
consonance with the stories of the wise Sumedha, the Hatthipāla brothers, etc.
the wise Sumedha first went forth and reaching Dhammika Mountain, found a
dwelling place readily prepared by Sakka, the Lord of the Devas. Then only he
became a monastic. Similarly, the Hatthipāla brothers went forth first and when
pursued by the whole country led by royal parents, they became monastics.
Therefore, it may be said the renunciation of the wise Sumedha, the Hatthipāla
brothers, etc. is the cause, and the monastic’s life is the effect.
The Basket of Contuct (
Cariyā-piṭaka
) commentary gives the exposition in
accordance with the first interpretation. This is mentioned in detail below.
Though the wise Sumedha, the Hatthipāla brothers, etc. renounced the world
first and became monastics afterwards, they did so only because they wanted a
monastic’s life. Therefore, even though renunciation took place first, it may be
said that a monastic’s life which follows later is the real cause.
For example, to construct a building, the wood is cut first. Although the
cutting of wood precedes construction, the wood is cut with the intention
of constructing the building, therefore, it should be said that the desire to
build the building is the cause and the cutting of the wood is the effect.