The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2751
wrong personality belief: “This morality is mine; my morality is very pure; no
one possesses morality like mine.” It leads to concentration (
samādhi-
saṁvattanika-sīla
) because it is conducive to advancement towards access
concentration (
upacāra-samādhi
) and absorption concentration (
appanā-
samādhi
).
As stated above, these seven factors: not torn, not rent, not blotched, not mottled,
liberating, praised by the wise and not tarnished by craving and wrong view, are
the factors conducive to purification of morality. Only when morality is
complete with these seven factors can it develop the aforesaid two kinds of
concentration. Therefore, a noble person wishing to develop these two kinds of
concentration should earnestly endeavour to make his morality (
sīla
) complete
with all these seven factors.
3. The Perfection of Renunciation
Renunciation (
nekkhamma
) is here synonymous with emancipation.
Emancipation is of two kinds: emancipation from Saṁsāra, or the cycle of
existences, and emancipation from sense-desires (
kāma
); the former being the
result of the latter. Only when emancipation from sense-desires has been
achieved through practice, can one gain emancipation from Saṁsāra. Of these
two kinds of emancipation, it is for the purpose of the resultant emancipation
from existences that the Buddha in the Chronicles of the Buddhas (
Buddha-
vaṁsa
) likens the three states of existence to prisons.
The three states of existence are: 1) The state of sensual existence
(
kāma-
bhava
); 2) the state of fine material existence (
rūpa-bhava
); and 3) the
states of formless, non-material existence
(
arūpa-bhava
).
According to the Basket of Conduct (
Cariyā-piṭaka
) commentary, the perfection
of renunciation, in terms of Abhidhamma, is wholesome consciousness together
with mental concomitants that arise by virtue of emancipation from sense-
desires and from the three states of existence.
The Great Exposition (
Mahā-niddesa
) describes two kinds of sense-desire:
pleasant objects of sense-desire (
vatthu-kāma
), and the mental defilement of
greed, which is desire for pleasant objects (
kilesa-kāma
). With reference to the
perfection of renunciation, emancipation from sense-desires means
emancipation from both kinds.