The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2721
1. Morality according to restraint by the Monastic Rules (
Pātimokkha-
saṁvara-sīla
).
The morality that liberates its observer from suffering in the four lower worlds
is called morality according to restraint by the Monastic Rules (
Pātimokkha-
saṁvara-sīla
);
pāti
, “observe,”
mokkha
, “to set free,” or, “set free by observing
the rules.”
The observer of this morality 1) Should have proper conduct; 2) should have
blameless, wholesome resorts; 3) should see great danger in the slightest fault;
the offence may be small like a particle of dust but one should see in it a danger
as big as Mount Meru, which has a height of 168,000 leagues above and under
water; and 4) should observe and practise the precepts properly. To explain
further:
1. In the world, there is what should be practised (
ācāra-dhamma
), and there is
what should not be practised (
anācāra-dhamma
). The three wrong physical
actions of killing, stealing and unlawful sexual intercourse, the four wrongs of
telling lies, backbiting, abusing and babbling, altogether being seven wrong
doings (
duccarita
) and other deeds that cause a breach of morality constitute
what should not be practised (
anācāra
).
To give some examples of unwholesome actions that would cause a breach of
morality: In the world, some monastics earn their living by making gifts of
bamboo, leaves, flowers, fruits, soap powder and toothpicks to the laity; they
degrade themselves by approving of the wrong speech of the laity, flattering
them to gain favour, telling much falsehood mixed with a little truth just like a
lot of uncooked peas mixed with a few cooked ones in a pot. They look after
children of the laity as nurse-maids, embracing them, dressing them, etc. They
serve as messengers running errands for their lay supporters; they give medical
treatment to the laity, look after their properties, exchange food and beverage
with them. Such wrong livelihood, as well as every other resort of wrong
livelihood condemned by the Buddha, is called wrong conduct (
anācāra-
dhamma
).
It is improper for a monastic to give bamboo, leaves, etc. even if the laity comes
and asks for their use; more so, therefore, when they are not asked for. Such acts
of giving are not the business of monastics. If they do so, they would be
destroying the faith of the laity (
kula-dūsana
) in the Vinaya.