The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2720
Natural, Traditional, Lawful and Because of the Past Precepts
1. Non-transgression of the five precepts by inhabitants of the northern
continent is called natural morality (
pakati-sīla
).
By nature, these inhabitants refrain from wrong deeds, such as killing,
without taking the vow of the five precepts. Non-breaking of the five
precepts by them is not a matter of restraint through a vow (
samādāna-
virati
) but of natural restraint even when transgression is demanded by
circumstances (
sampatta-virati
).
2. Following the traditional practices of one’s family, locality or sect is
called traditional morality (
ācāra-sīla
).
Refraining from evil because it is done so by one’s ancestry is called
family tradition (
kula-ācāra
); refraining from evil because it is generally
done so in one’s locality is called district tradition (
desa-ācāra
); refraining
from evil because it is done in one’s sect is called sectarian tradition
(
pāsaṇḍika-sīla
).
3. The kind of morality kept by the mother of a Bodhisatta since she
conceived her son, by virtue of which she has no thought for a man, is
called natural morality according to Dhamma (
Dhammatā-sīla
).
A Bodhisatta’s mother regularly observes the five precepts and desires no
man, not even her husband, from the moment of conception. This is
because an extremely noble being, the Bodhisatta, is lying in her womb. As
the morality is kept as a rule by the mother of a Bodhisatta, it is called
natural morality according to Dhamma (
Dhammatā-sīla
).
4. The observance of morality by chaste persons, such as the youth Pippali,
who later became Mahā Kassapa, and the Bodhisatta as King Mahā
Sīlava, through natural inclination and without anyone’s instruction, is
called morality by reason of past habit (
pubba-hetu-sīla
).
As a result of habitual observance of morality in their former births, they
are by nature inclined to observe morality in this life.
[1585]
The Four Realms of Morality
These four are chiefly concerned with the monastic. When the Bodhisatta
Sumedha the ascetic, reflected on the perfection of morality, he said to himself
(Bv 2.124): Likewise, you should fulfil the four realms of morality (
tatheva tvaṁ
catūsu bhūmisu sīlāni paripūraya
).