The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2718
are also known as common-usage teachings (
vohāra-desanā
) because, in these
discourses, the Buddha, who is incomparable in the usage of the world, employs
the terms and expressions of the people, which can never be uniform. Thus, with
regard to different classifications of the Observance Days, as all are meant to
develop merit, it is not necessary to decide which view is right and which view is
wrong. In the Anthology of Discourses commentary, the three views are
described advising readers to accept whichever they like.
Those who observe morality select suitable days which they prefer, and they
observe the Observance Days accordingly in many ways. And all their
observance develops merit, so the commentators write, recording the ways
employed by the people. In the teaching in the discourses (
suttanta-desanā
),
even the Buddha expounded the following usages of the people. Why did the
Fortunate One expound in this manner? It was because he did not wish them to
violate traditional customs which are not demeritorious.
The principal objective of the Fortunate One is to expound only such ultimate
realities as mind and matter (
nāma-rūpa-paramattha-dhamma
) that would
facilitate the attainment of the paths, fruitions and Nibbāna. Teaching in such
abstruse terms could be beneficial to those with the right perception, but it could
make those lacking right perception commit wrong deeds which would lead
them to the four lower worlds. For example, those who have a wrong perception
of mind and matter (
nāma-rūpa
) would think thus: “In this world, there is mind
and matter only; there is neither ‘I’ nor ‘others;’ if there are no ‘others’ there will
be no harm in killing them, and there will be neither ‘mine’ nor ‘others;’
therefore, there will be no harm in stealing things, in committing adultery, etc.”
In this manner, they will freely break the rules of society and do such
unwholesome deeds which will cause rebirths in the lower planes of existence.
In terms of ultimate truth (
paramattha-sacca
), there is neither “I” nor “others,”
neither “man” nor “woman,” etc. There are only aggregates of mind and matter
(
nāma-rūpa
) which are mental and physical phenomena. For those incapable of
understanding the terms of ultimate truth, the Buddha employed terms of
conventional truth (
sammuti-sacca
) when giving discourses (
suttanta-desanā
).
[1584]
Though all is a mass of mind and matter (
nāma-rūpa
), by conventional
usage, it is determined for easy discrimination that such-and-such a mass is “I,”
such and such a mass is “they,” such-and-such a mass is “mother,” “father,” etc.
If people deviate from the norms set up by conventional usage, they will go