The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2717
Thematic Discourses (
Saṁyutta-nikāya
) are written by the same commentator,
Ven. Mahā Buddhaghosa, they are different from one another regarding the
Observance Days. Why is this?
That the Buddha actually described the three kinds of Observance Days are clear
from the Discourse about the Uposatha Day (
Uposatha-sutta
, AN 3.71), but
there is no discourse delivered by the Buddha to set aside specific days, three or
six, as Observance Days. The fourteenth observance, the fifteenth observance,
the eighth observance and the wonderful Observance Day (
pāṭihāriya-uposatha
)
mentioned before are not prescribed by the Fortunate One as Observance Days.
Indeed, it was Sakka, the Lord of the Devas, who said to the Tāvatiṁsa deities:
“People observe the Observance Days on the fourteenth, the fifteenth, and the
eighth. On the days called wonderful (
pāṭihāriya
), too, they observe Observance
Days.” He was given this information by the Catumahārājika Devas, who went
round in the human world preparing a list of the virtuous. The Buddha was only
reproducing the words of Sakka. The classification of the fourteenth, the
fifteenth and the eighth Observance Days is merely a statement of the
Observance Days traditionally observed by people. There is no special discourse
expounded by the Fortunate One to enjoin that the Observance Days must be
observed on these days or must not be observed on other days.
Thus the fourteenth, the fifteenth and the eighth Observance Days were the
Observance Days prescribed by the ancient people. So, traditionally, there were
only three ordinary Observance Days (
pakati-uposatha
), but later on, people
observed the fifth day also, and therefore there come to be four Observance
Days in each fortnight of a month. Thus the fifth Observance Day is mentioned
in the commentary. Nowadays, people observe only four Observance Days in a
month.
The Buddha did not prescribe any specific Observance Days because people can
observe the precepts on whichever day they like. In mentioning vigilant
(
paṭijāgara
) and wonderful (
pāṭihāriya
) Observance Days as special days for
observance, the commentators are merely recording the various customary
practices of the people, hence these seeming differences in the commentaries.
Moreover, the Collection of the Numerical Discourses (
Aṅguttara-nikāya
), the
Anthology of Discourses (
Sutta-nipāta
), the Collection of the Thematic
Discourses (
Saṁyutta-nikāya
) and the Birth Stories (
Jātaka
), which make
expositions of morality (
sīla
), are known as the teachings in the discourses; they