The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2714
do I not kill or harm any living being and have compassion for them; by
this practice, I am following the way of the Arahats.” The Observance
Day observed in this manner reflecting on each of the eight precepts is
called the Observance Day with eight precepts (
aṭṭhaṅguposatha
).
It should be noted that the division of the Observance Day into the three and the
six kinds is in reference to the manner of keeping it. Primarily, however, the
morality (
sīla
) which is observed is of two kinds only: The eightfold Observance
Day precepts (
aṭṭhaṅga-uposatha-sīla
) and the ninefold Observance Day
precepts (
navaṅguposatha-sīla
) as already stated above.
Three Kinds of Observance Day
The classification below is made in the light of the Discourse about the Four
Great Kings (
Catu-mahā-rāja-sutta
, AN 3.37), which says: Observing and
keeping vigil during the Observance day (
Uposathaṁ upavasanti
paṭijāgaronti
) … and:
Cātuddasiṁ pañca-dasiṁ, yā ca pakkhassa aṭṭhamī,
pāṭihāriya-pakkhañ-ca, aṭṭhaṅga-susamāgataṁ.
Those which are the fourteenth, the fifteenth, and the eighth of the lunar
phase, and the wonderful lunar phase is the eightfold gathering.
1. Ordinary Observance Day (
pakati-uposatha
).
In the verse above, the lines reading
Cātuddasiṁ pañca-dasiṁ, yā ca pakkhassa
aṭṭhamī
“the fourteenth, the fifteenth, and the eighth of the lunar phase,” refer
to ordinary Observance Days. In accordance with this, each fortnight of a month,
waxing or waning, has three Observance Days: the eighth, the fourteenth and
the fifteenth days. Therefore, a month has six Observance Days, which are
called ordinary Observance Days. In the commentary, however, the waxing
fortnight has four Observance Days,
[1582]
namely, the fifth, the eighth, the
fourteenth and the fifteenth waxing days; the waning fortnight has four
Observance Days, too: the fifth, the eighth, the fourteenth and the fifteenth
waning days; altogether there are eight Observance Days in a month. These
eight are ordinary Observance Days usually observed by the laity.
Whereas, nowadays, the lay people observe only four Observance Days in
each month, these are the eighth waxing, the full moon, the eighth waning
and the new-moon days.