The Second Treatise on the Perfections – 2710
sikkhāpada
) is a special one for novices. It is, therefore, evident that the ten
precepts are specifically for novices, not for laymen.
Therefore, the learned and virtuous in the past selected, out of the two kinds of
morality (
sīla
) which concerned them, the eight precepts, which is of a higher
form, to be observed on a specially appointed day. Only the eight precepts are
therefore called
Uposatha
as explained in the Path of Purification (
Visuddhi-
magga
).
The virtuous are not content with the observance of morality (
sīla
) only; they
also wish to do meritorious deeds through giving alms, which entail acquiring,
buying and shopping for things to offer. Consequently, they cannot properly
observe the training rule about gold and silver (
jāta-rūpa-sikkhāpada
).
Therefore, the ancient people fixed a special day for observance of the eight
precepts only.
The Ninefold Observance
In the Discourse on the Ninefold Observance Day Precepts (
Navaṅguposatha-
sutta
, AN 9.18), there is an exposition on the ninefold Observance Day precepts
(
navaṅguposatha-sīla
) given with this introduction: “The nine precepts are
beneficial, advantageous and powerful.” In enumerating them, the Fortunate
One expounds the usual eight precepts from the precept about killing
(
pāṇātipātā-sikkhāpada
) up to the precept about high and luxurious beds (
uccā-
sayana-mahā-sayana-sikkhāpada
) but ends with the formula for the practice of
loving-kindness thus:
Mettā
sahāgatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā viharāmi
,
“I abide with thoughts of loving-kindness directed to beings in one direction.”
According to the discourse, to keep the ninefold Observance Day precepts
(
navaṅguposatha-sīla
), after taking the usual eight precepts, one develops
loving-kindness. A man who observes the eight precepts without any breach and
keeps on developing loving-kindness is called an observer of the nine precepts.
Loving-kindness is to be developed, whereas morality (
sīla
) is to be observed.
Therefore, to practise the nine precepts, one need not recite the nine precepts
when taking the vow. It is sufficient to take the usual eight precepts and to
develop loving-kindness as much as possible, then one is said to be practising the
nine precepts (
navaṅguposatha
).
With regard to loving-kindness, as the Fortunate One particularly mentioned
one direction (
ekaṁ disaṁ
), diffusing loving-kindness with one direction in